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Volume 4, No. 3, Fall 1993 |
General Announcements
Eastern Division, American Philosophical Association, meets Dec. 27-30,
1993 in Atlanta, GA, at the Atlanta Marriott. ISEE Session on the theme:
New Directions in Environmental Ethics. Robert Gottlieb (Worcester Polytechnic
Institute), "Whose Life Is it Anyway?: Ecology/Identity/Politics";
Kelly Parker (Grand Valley State University), "Pragmatism and Environmental
Thought"; chaired by Eric Katz (New Jersey Institute of Technology).
Central Division, American Philosophical Association, meets May 4- 7, 1994
in Kansas City, Hyatt Center. Session I will be on "Ethics and Radioactive
Waste," with participants, Patricia Flemming (Philosophy, Creighton
University, Omaha), "Circularity and Regulatory Policy: The Case of
Yucca Mountain"; Kristin Shrader-Frechette (Philosophy, University
of South Florida), "Nuclear Waste and Free Informed Consent: The Case
of Yucca Mountain," with commentator, Craig Walton (Philosophy, University
of Nevada, Las Vegas).
Session II at Central APA will be Ernest Partridge (Northland College, Wisconsin),
title pending; Sandra Rosenthal and Rogene Bucholz (Loyola University of
New Orleans), "Philosophical Foundations for an Environmental Ethics:
A Pragmatic Perspective"; William Aiken (Chatham College, Pittsburgh),
"Is Deep Ecology Too Radical?"; William McKinney (Southeast Missouri
State University), "The Value of Thought Experiments in Environmental
Ethics." Organized by Laura Westra.
Pacific Division meets March 31-April 2, 1994, in Los Angeles, Bonaventure
Hotel. Robin Attfield (Philosophy, University of Wales, Cardiff), "Rehabilitating
Nature and Making Nature Habitable"; Paul Schollmeier (Philosophy,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas), "Why We Love the Land"; Roberta
M. Richards (School of Religion, University of Southern California), "Beyond
Biocentric Egalitarianism: Calculating the Comparative Value of Nature."
The program is organized by Professor James Heffernan, Department of Philosophy,
College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue,
Stockton, CA 95211. Phone: 209/946-2281.
United Nations Conference on Ethical Issues in Agenda 21, January 13-14
1994. The Conference will be held at the United Nations Building, United
Nations Plaza, New York, NY. (Note date change from previous announcements.)
Deadline for papers, December 1, 1993. Contact Donald Brown, Earth Ethics
Research Group, 2915 Beverly Road, Camp Hill, PA 17011 (near Harrisburg).
Phone 717/787-9368. Fax 717/787-9379.
In general the annual deadlines for paper submissions for the three ISEE
sessions regularly held at the three divisional American Philosophical Association
meetings are:
Eastern Division, March 1. Papers Professor Eric Katz, Department of Humanities,
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102. Phone 201/596-3292,
office; 201/596-3266, humanities office; Fax: 201/565-0586
Central Division, January 1, proposals by October 15. Papers to Professor
Laura Westra, address at end of newsletter.
Pacific Division, January 1, proposals by October 15. Papers to Professor
James Heffernan, Department of Philosophy, College of the Pacific, University
of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211. Phone: 209/946-2281.
Persons interested in the possibility of the International Society for Environmental
Ethics holding an international conference at some location outside the
United States are invited to contact Laura Westra, Secretary (address at
end of newsletter). One suggested location is at a conference center in
Italy. Joint meetings with other societies are possible. There need to be
at least fifty persons attending to make such a conference feasible.
The Fourth International Conference on Ethics in the Public Service, Stockholm,
June 15-18, 1994, has invited ISEE to organize a session there. If interested,
contact Laura Westra, address at end of newsletter.
"Religious Experience and Ecological Responsibility," was the
theme of the Second International Conference on Philosophical Theology at
the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. August 5-9. The Conference was
organized by the Highlands Institute for American Religious Thought. There
were many dozens of papers given. Some samples: Nancy Frankenberry (Dartmouth
College), "Ecological Responsibility and Feminist Theory"; W.
Creighton Peden (Augustana College, Georgia), "Nature, Sentiment, and
Social Progress"; J. Edward Barrett (Muskingham College, Ohio), "Ecological
Reverence: Religion Rediscovering Reality"; Douglas Fox (Colorado College),
"Joseph Sittler's Quest for a Theology of Nature"; Fred W. Hallberg
(University of Northern Iowa), "Demythologizing Eschatological Environmentalism";
Thomas D. Parker (McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago), "Toward
a Religiously Informed Environmental Ethic: A Pragmatist's Account";
Ben Du Toit (Cape Province, South Africa), "Postmodern Religious Experience
as a Textless Naturalism: Can Christian Theology Survive in the Eyes of
Postmodern Thought?"; Frederick FerrÇ (University of Georgia),
Intellectual Autobiography, "Keeping it Together: Holistic Reflections
from a `Natural Analyst'"; Sheila Greeve Davaney (Iliff School of Theology,
Denver), "The Role of Nature in Contemporary Theological Pragmatism";
Donald A. Crosby (Colorado State University), "Experience as Reality:
The Ecological Metaphysics of William James"; John Howie (Southern
Illinois University at Carbondale, "The Personalistic God and a Holistic
Environmental Ethics"; Susan Armstrong (Humboldt State College), "What
Concept of God Makes Ecological Sense?"; and many more. Contact W.
Creighton Peden, P. O. Box 2009, Highlands, NC 28741. Phone 704/526-4038.
A volume under the conference title with selected papers is planned for
publication in early 1995. (Thanks to Donald Crosby.)
Theological Education to Meet the Environmental Challenge. Over 90 participants
met at Stony Point, New York, May 13-16, to explore how theological education
can help address environmental issues. Conference keynoter was John B. Cobb,
Jr. (formerly Claremont Graduate School), other plenary speakers were Rosemary
Radford Reuther (Garrett Evangelical Seminary), Larry Rasmussen (Union Seminary,
New York) and James Nash (Churches' Center on Theology and Public Policy).
A follow-up book is planned: ECO- JUSTICE EDUCATION IN THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The conference was funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
and by the Center for Respect of Life and Environment, a division of the
Humane Society of the United States. Contact: Theological Education to Meet
the Environmental Challenge, 2100 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037.
Angelika Krebs has completed a Ph.D. dissertation, ETHICS OF NATURE: BASIC
CONCEPTS, BASIC ARGUMENTS OF THE PRESENT DEBATE ON ANIMAL ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ETHICS at the University of Frankfurt, Germany. The supervisors were Bernard
Williams, Friedrich Kambartel, and JÅrgen Habermas. This thesis is
also the concluding report of a project on "Value Systems and Attitudes
towards Nature" at the Stockholm Environment Institute, and the thesis
will be published by that institute.
Krebs develops a taxonomy of arguments for the value in nature. Part A lists
anthropocentric arguments: A1, the instrumental value of nature for satisfying
basic human needs; A2, the instrumental value of nature for sensual human
delight; A3, the aesthetic intrinsic value of beautiful and sublime nature;
A4, the instrumental value nature has for relieving us of "aesthetic
responsibility" by its having a form of its own; A5, the role the native
landscape plays for the identity or individuality of human beings; A6, the
pedagogic value of treating nature with care; and A7, the meaning of life
and the intrinsic value or sacredness of the wise person who knows the meaning
of life. Part B features a holistic argument, neither purely anthropocentric
nor purely physicocentric, that to accord intrinsic value to nature is to
further the good life of persons, since humans are part of nature. Part
C lists five physicocentric arguments that give reasons why we should respect
the good of nature for its own sake: C1, the value of sentient nature; C2,
the intrinsic value of teleological nature; C3, respect for life; C4, a
higher order of values of or in nature; C5, a theological order of value.
In a critical section, Krebs finds that all anthropocentric arguments are
good arguments. The holistic argument (Part B) and all the physicocentric
arguments (Part C) are bad arguments, except for C1, C2, and C3 when restricted
to certain animals. Except for animal nature, the rest of nature lacks moral
or absolute intrinsic value. There is nothing we owe to nonanimal nature
itself. Krebs is now Associate Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, University
of Frankfurt, Germany. Her address: Kanalstrasse 10, 78247 Hilzingen-Duchtlingen,
Germany.
Cheryl Foster completed this year a doctoral dissertation, "Aesthetics
and the Natural Environment," under Ronald Hepburn at the University
of Edinburgh, Department of Philosophy. Foster claims that most contemporary
aesthetics of nature relies on either of two models, one based on art history
and criticism, the other based on scientific categories and interpretation.
Most accounts cling magnetically to one pole or the other. Either the aesthetic
power of nature emerges by analogy or in association with art and its concomitant
history and criticism; or, nature's beauty is seen to be properly understood
only in deference to scientific knowledge or hypothesis. Neither approach
can fully articulate the relationship between natural beauty and ourselves,
the beings who encounter it.
Foster holds that Kant and Schopenhauer have been particularly misrepresented
with regard to natural beauty and finds them productive for a theory of
environmental aesthetics. She continues to develop a theory that is bound
by neither art nor science. She examines the role of non-perceptual factors
and of ethical and other constraints on aesthetic appreciation (with attention
to Allen Carlson). The difference between aesthetic qualities (Sibley) and
aesthetic properties (Mothersill) is analyzed in order to defend the idea
that aesthetic judgements are singular and not governed by rules or principles.
Nature's multi- sensuousness is involved in discerning relevant aesthetic
properties. Andrew Brennan's ecological humanism is a useful model. Both
the art-based and the science-based models of natural beauty are interesting
and relevant, but neither is comprehensive enough to represent the range
of concerns in environmental aesthetics. Foster is now assistant professor
of philosophy at the University of Rhode Island, Department of Philosophy,
204 Adams Hall, Kingston, RI 02881-0813. Phone 401/792-2418. Fax 401-792-2945.
Society for Conservation Biology, ISEE Session, Guadalahara, Mexico. Call
for papers. One or more ISEE sessions will be held at the Society for Conservation
Biology, Guadalahara, Mexico, June 15-19, 1994. Especially desired are proposals
(papers, panels, round tables, etc.) related to the interrelationship of
environmental ethics to poverty and economic development in Third World
nations. Other topics are also welcome. Send proposals to Jack Weir, Morehead
State University, UPO 662, Morehead, KY 40351. Phone 606/784-0046. Or Phil
Pister, Desert Fishes Council, P. O. Box 337, Bishop, CA 93514. Phone: 619/872-8751.
At the International Society for Value Inquiry, Helsinki, August 13-17,
there were a number of papers related to environmental ethics: Leena Vilkka
(Academy of Finland, Helsinki), "On the Intrinsic Value of Nature"
(she is the author of the first book in Finnish on environmental ethics,
see book listings below); Stephen Toulmin (Northwestern University), "Country/People/-
Nation/State"; Frederick FerrÇ, "Making Waves: On the Social
Power of Ideas"; Robin Attfield (University of Wales College of Cardiff),
"Population Growth and Hope for Humanity."
At the World Congress of Philosophy, Moscow, August 21-17. Papers by Karen
Warren (Macalester College), Holmes Rolston (Colorado State University),
Laura Westra (University of Windsor), Willem Landman (University of the
Western Cape, South Africa), Yrjo SepÑnmaa (University of Helsinki).
A section on Ecology and the Future of Life on Earth was organized by Beat
Sitter-Liver (Fribourg University, Switzerland).
In a Russian language section on Ecology and the Future of Life on Earth,
there were many papers. Their titles give some insight into the sorts of
questions Russian philosophers are asking (these are all translated from
Russian): V. V. Mantatov, "Philosophical Perspectives of the Ecological
Informational Civilization: An Example from the Baikal Region" (Mantatov
is the president of an organization to conserve Lake Baikal); V. A. Kotiev,
"Humanity's Crucial Moment: The Problem of Life in the Post-Human World";
Boris Chernov, "The Methodological Base of General Ecology"; N.
V. Soloveiva, "Ecological Cultural and Environmentalism in the Context
of Future Life on Earth"; G. I. Shebs, "Life Vision as a Basis
for Overcoming the Ecological Crisis"; K. A. Dallakian, "Political
Ecology and the Problem of Co-adaptive Evolution of Humankind"; Michail
Bobrov and Kovaliva Irina, "Humankind in the Natural and Social Pictures
of the World"; V. A. Duskov, V. V. Sobolev, and G. M. Shvarc, "Philosophical
Problems and Ethno- Ecological Dissonance"; N. G. Belopolisky, "Artificial
Systems: Their Place and Role in the General Totality of Non-Living Systems
and Society"; V. N. Golubev, "The Ecology of HOMO SAPIENS: Contemporary
Approaches"; S. Lomakin, "Nature: The Basis of Human Feelings";
Victor Borodihin, "The Biological and Social Basis of the Formation
of Individuals and Personalities"; O. P. Pavlenko, "Mortality
and the Problem of Ecology"; U. B. Krianev, "Ecumenism and General
Responsibility"; A. C. Monin, L. A. Tchimbal, and I. P. Schmelev, "The
Science of Oceanology in the Development of Philosophical Ideas"; V.
V. Kazyutinsky, "The Problem of Man and Nature: Cosmic Context";
Rimantas Shaknaitis, "Sociological Aspects of the Demographic Problem";
I. K. Liseyev, "Ecology and the Future of Life on the Earth: New Ecological
Mentality: Directions and Principles. There are abstracts in Russian of
all these papers in the Congress ABSTRACTS and address of the authors are
in the Congress LIST OF PARTICIPANTS. See also L. I. Vasilenko and V. E.
Ermolaeva, eds., GLOBALNIYE PROBLEMY I OBSHCHECHELOVECHESKIYE TSENNOSTI
(GLOBAL PROBLEMS AND HUMAN VALUES) in the book section below.
At the World Wilderness Congress, Tromso, Norway, September 26- October
3, at the ISEE session, organized by David Rothenberg, there were many papers.
See NEWSLETTER, Summer 1993, for previous list. Others not previously announced:
Sarah Standing (CUNY Graduate Center), "Running with Wolves: Wilderness
as Theater"; Raymond Chipeniuk (Canadian Government), "Native
Canadians and Wilderness Imagination"; Jamil Brownson (Northern Rim
Institute), "Bioregionalism and Wilderness Identity"; Dag Elgvin
(Tromso Teachers' College), "The Saami Conception of Nature."
A plenary session was on "Polar Ecosystems: Characteristics, Values,
and Relationship to the Concept of Wilderness," with discussion of
the needed size of conservation areas, indigenous peoples, and ecosystem
integrity. Other sessions on "The Use of Wilderness for Personal Growth,
Therapy, and Education," "Wilderness Education, Values, and Ethics."
Summarizing the ISEE session, on the complaints side, David Rothenberg reports
that northern representatives found that wilderness was a foreign concept
to them, set up by urban people who want to spend only their free time in
nature. Native people complained of being pigeonholed and stereotyped so
that they could not enjoy the pleasures of development. Some insisted wilderness
had to be known firsthand; others that it did not have to be experienced;
it was enough to know that it was there.
On the positive side, Rothenberg summarized, "We are for a `wild culture,'
where nature is not opposed to humanity, where use of the surrounding world
does not require calling it resources and us consumers. We spoke of classical
and romantic notions of wilderness--the first naming the wilderness as the
home of the fearful and evil, and the second being the place where we come
to our senses out of the madness of civilization. Neither is appropriate
any longer. The wild will transcend the tame and the untamed, the jungle
and the city. It must refer to our progress toward a culture that can understand
nature without hemming it in by management and control. The wild should
not be bad and unruly, but we should not rely on too many rules to get there.
The word `wild' is a challenge for us to conceive a new kind of civilization,
that does not require the destruction of our world to improve itself. We
will not find the model for this culture in the past, or in the present.
Only in the future will we get there." "The wild is not just for
us. It is for the non-human, or, the more than human. ... Our ideas need
to encompass this kind of care so that it is generous enough to care for
more than humanity alone." (Thanks to David Rothenberg for his work
organizing this very successful ISEE Session.) Plans are underway for publication
of a book of essays based on the conference, probably by the University
of Minnesota Press.
The Portuguese Government is sponsoring a series of conferences, Estudos
Gerais da Arr_bida, commemorating the 500th anniversary of discoveries in
the New World. One such conference, "The Natural Environment: Fundamentalism
and Pragmatism," was held at Arr_bida, a conference center near Lisbon,
August 2-6, designed for environmental decision-makers and planners in Portugal.
Philosophers who spoke on environmental values and ethics were Holmes Rolston
(Colorado State University) and Viriato Soromenho- Marques (Cidade Universitaria,
Lisbon). Other speakers were sociologists, economists, engineers. The conference
coordinator was Francisco Nunes Correia, an engineer and professor at the
Instituto Superior TÇcnico, Avenido Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, Portugal.
The Cooperative Center for Information on Alternative Technologies (CENCITA)
offers a service of collecting, organizing and channeling technical information
to development workers in the field. CENCITA maintains up-to-date information
on Salvadoran natural resource status, community profiles, development projects
and a direct link to the planning departments within the Popular Movement
in El Salvador. If you are interested in becoming a member of this network
of appropriate technologists, alternative economists, liberation theologians,
consultants, investigators and practitioners in the broad field of sustainable
development contact Monika Firl, Apartado Postal 2543, Correo Central, Centro
de Gobierno, San Salvador, El Salvador, Central America. Or: Marin Interfaith
Task Force, 20 Sunnyside Ave., Suite A-303, Mill Valley, CA 94941. Phone
415/388-4820.
The computer newsletter in environmental ethics continues, operating out
of Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia. There is a mixture of debate
and conversation, recently on intrinsic value, reconstructed intrinsic value,
Callicott, Rolston, Bookchin, Naess, Nietzsche, Dewey, the value of grass
to cows, bioethics, and other topics. There are also various requests for,
and exchanges of, information for special study projects, environmental
ethics databases, and so forth. To subscribe, send electronic mail to: listserv@catfish.valdosta.peachnet.edu.
In the body of the message, type: sub cpae yourname. This means subscribe
to the newsletter of the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, a center
at Valdosta State University. Your own electronic mail address will automatically
be included in the mail sent. Two philosophers involved there are Ari Santas
(asantas@grits.valdosta.peachnet.edu) (Internet) and Ron Barnette (rbarnett@grits.valdosta.peachnet.edu)
(Internet).
A U.S. Forest Service unit, operating out of the Rocky Mountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, held a workshop on spiritual values
in forests, September 28-30, at Ghost Ranch, Abiqui, NM. Ghost Ranch is
operated by the Presbyterian Church. The group is producing a resource text
book for professional land managers. This was the second such conference,
the first held in June 1992 at Santa Fe. The first conference produced some
protest, generated by a Washington newspaper, about the forest service crossing
the boundary between religion and state; and, in result, the emphasis was
on spiritual values rather than religious values. Moreover, at the insistence
of Dale Robertson, U. S. Forest Service chief, the conference was renamed,
more generically this time: "Understanding Emerging Hard-to-Define
Elements of a Multicultural Land Ethic." Two philosophers present were
Holmes Rolston, Colorado State University, and Peter List, Oregon State
University.
The Eco-Philosophy Center, Henryk or Joan Skolimowski, solicits inquiries
submissions for a publication, THE NEW GAIA. Address: 18500 Bowdish, Gregory,
MI 48137. Phone 313/498-3016.
At the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in late August and early
September, Gerald O. Barney painted a frightening picture of increasing
misery and conflict if many current trends continue, notably the abuses
of Earth's resources, environmental degradation, the growth of populations,
and constraints on agricultural production. We face misery on an unprecedented
scale. The core of the crisis is a failure of vision. The usual economic
definition of success has failed, and we no longer know what success or
failure means. Barney challenged religious leaders to reflect on how to
meet the legitimate needs of the growing human community without destroying
the resources of Earth, on how to reinterpret each faith tradition in relation
to new scientific truths about the Earth which bear spiritual significance.
Many thought Barney's address was the most powerful presentation at the
Parliament. Barney was coordinator of the GLOBAL 2000 REPORT and is a Lutheran.
In a closing address the Dalai Lama reiterated many of Barney's themes.
J. Baird Callicott is Rose Morgan Distinguished Visiting Professor fall
semester 1993 (until January 1994) at the University of Kansas. He is offering
a course in environmental philosophy and giving a series of six public lectures.
Address: Joyce and Elizabeth Hall Center for the Humanities, The University
of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2967.
The Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics, and Society includes in its
fall seminar in environmental ethics: Peter Wenz (Philosophy, Sangaman State
University), on Tuesday, October 19: "Hear the Grass Scream: The Inseparability
of Dominating Nature and People," and Holmes Rolston (Philosophy, Colorado
State University), on Thursday, November 18, "Environmental Ethics:
Some American Challenges."
The University of Oslo, Department of Philosophy, is sponsoring an ethics
seminar this during the fall term, "Environmental Ethics in Action:
Controversies on the Moral Status of Nature." Speakers in different
weeks include J. Baird Callicott, Arne Naess, Karen Warren, Holmes Rolston
(on November 25-26), and others from the local faculty. Rolston also speaks
at the University of Bergen on November 23. Contact: Jon Wetlesen, Department
of Philosophy, University of Oslo, P. A. Munch's House, Pb 1024 Blindern,
0317 Oslo, Norway.
The Program in Nature, Culture, and Technology, a Rockefeller Foundation
Fellowship Program in the Humanities, at the University of Kansas invites
applications for post-doctorate fellowships. They particularly invite applicants
who are doing research on themes such as the cultural history of nature
in western and nonwestern societies, the ideal of sustainable development,
ethics and environmentalism in a multicultural world, the political economy
of land and resource use, race and gender in the representation of nature,
and theoretical issues in environmental history. Fellowships are up to $
35,000 annually, and the applicant may receive sabbatical salary or other
external funds to supplement the fellowship. Applications due January 15,
1994. Contact Professor Donald Worster, Director, Program in Nature, Culture,
and Technology, Hall Center for the Humanities, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
KS 66045-2967. Phone 913/864- 4798.
QUERCUS, ASSOCIAÄAO NACIONAL DE CONSERVAÄAO DE NATUREZA is Portugal's
National Association for Conservation of Nature, launched six years ago
and now grown to 6,000 members. The organization was awarded the Global
500 UNEP honorary award for environmental achievement. The chair and a principal
organizer is Viriato Soromenho-Marques, who is professor of philosophy at
Cidade Universitaria, Lisboa, Portugal. See an article of his below. Address:
Rua Caetano Palha, 18, 2 Esq., 1200 Lisboa. Portugal. Phone and Fax: (1)
395 16 30.
Robert Elliot is the contact person for Australia and New Zealand. Send
membership forms and dues in amount $ 15.00 Australian ($ 7.50 for students)
to him. Address: Department of Philosophy, University of New England, Armidale,
NSW, 2351, Australia. Telephone (087) 7333. Fax (067) 73 3122. E-mail: relliot@metz.une.oz.au
Wouter Achterberg is the contact person for the United Kingdom and Europe
(For Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, see below.) Those in Western
Europe and the Mediterranean should send their dues to him (the equivalent
of $ 10 US) at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
Doelenstraat 15, 1012 CP Amsterdam, Netherlands. He reports that it is difficult
to cash checks in this amount without losing a substantial part of the value
of the check and encourages sending bank notes and cash directly to him,
as it is reasonably safe. Contact him if in doubt what currencies he can
accept. Fax: 31 (country code) 20 (city code) 5254503. Phone: 31-20-5254530.
Jan Wawrzyniak is the contact person for Eastern Europe and the former Soviet
Union. He is on the faculty in the Department of Philosophy at Adam Mickiewicz
University of Poznan, Poland. Because of the fluid economic situation in
Eastern Europe, members and others should contact him regarding the amount
of dues and the method of payment. He also requests that persons in Eastern
Europe send him information relevant to a regional newsletter attachment
to this newsletter, as well as to share such information with the international
membership of the society. Business address: Institut Filozofii, Adam Mickiewicz
University, 60-569 Poznan, Szamarzewskiego 91c, Poland. Phone: 48 (country
code) 61 (city code) 46461, ext. 288, 280. Fax: 48 (country code) 61 (city
code) 535535 (NOTE NEW FAX). He reports that mail service is very unreliable
in certain parts of Eastern Europe. Home address: 60-592 Poznan, Szafirowa
7, Poland. Phone 48/61/417275. Checks can be sent to his home with more
security.
Azizan Baharuddin, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, is the contact
person for ISEE for South-East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore,
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, and the Philippines). Dr. Azizan teaches
history and philosophy in the Science Faculty. Contact her with regard to
membership and dues payable (the approximate equivalent of $US 10, but with
appropriate adjustment for currency differentials and purchasing power).
Her address is The Dean's Office, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,
59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Fax 60 (Country code) 3 (City code) 756-6343.
Professor Johan P. Hattingh, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch,
7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa, is the Africa contact for the ISEE. Contact
him with regard to membership and dues payable, again the approximate equivalent
of $US 10, but with appropriate adjustment for currency differentials and
purchasing power. NOTE THAT THIS IS A NEW CONTACT ARRANGEMENT. Hattingh
heads the Unit for Environmental Ethics at Stellenbosch. Phone: (02231)
77-2058. Fax: (02231) 4343. E-mail jph2@maties.sun.ac.za.
The Nominating Committee for ISEE plans to have an election by mail-in ballot
in the spring, when both President and Vice- President will be elected.
(Secretary and Treasurer will continue their ongoing terms.) The present
officers are:
President: Holmes Rolston, III,
term to expire end of academic year (June 1) 1994
Vice-President: Eric Katz, 1994
Secretary, Laura Westra, 1995
Treasurer, Ned Hettinger, 1996
The chair of the Nominating Committee is Jack Weir, Department of Philosophy,
UPO 662, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351. Phone: 606/783-2785,
office; 606/783-2185, philosophy office; 606/784-0046, home. Fax: 606/783-2678.
Other members of the committee are: Kristin Shrader-Frechette (University
of South Florida), George Sessions (Sierra College, Rocklin, CA), Robin
Attfield (University of Wales, College of Cardiff).
Members and others are encouraged to submit appropriate items for the newsletter
to Holmes Rolston, Department of Philosophy, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO 80523, who is editing this newsletter. Phone 303/491-5328
(office) or 491-6315 (philosophy office) or 484-5883 (home). Fax: 303-491-4900,
24 hours. News may also be submitted to Laura Westra, Department of Philosophy,
University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, and Canadian news is best
directed to her. Items may also be submitted to other members of the Governing
Board. Include the name of an appropriate contact person, where relevant
and possible. International items are especially welcomed. The Newsletter
is assembled shortly after January 1, April 1, July 1, October 1.
ISEE dues for 1993 are payable now. Memberships run on a calendar year basis,
with NEW members who join in October, November, and December having memberships
extended through the following full calendar year. The Secretary is not
ordinarily able to send receipts, as this takes additional time and expense.
The Society runs on a rather minimal budget, with dues mostly (and barely)
covering the costs of Newsletter printing and mailing. To pay dues, see
the last page of the Newsletter.
Back issues of the ISEE Newsletter? Back issues are available at US $ 10.00
per year, or $ 4.00 per single issue, and these requests should be directed
to the Secretary (address on last page).
The ISEE Newsletter is printed on recycled paper.
Position Available
The Department of Philosophy, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute
of Technology invites nominations and applications for the Ezra A. Hale
Endowed Chair in Applied Ethics. Candidates should have a Ph.D. in philosophy
or another appropriate discipline, and a proven record of teaching and publication
in applied ethics. Duties will include teaching one course per quarter,
giving occasional public lectures, organizing conferences, and publishing.
The Hale Chair will be responsible for advancing student awareness and understanding
of applied ethics across all programs at the Institute and will be part
of a seven member philosophy department. This is a tenure-track appointment
with rank and salary commensurate with training and experience. Applications
will be accepted until the position is filled. Those received prior to December
1, 1993, will facilitate interviewing at the December meeting of the APA.
Professor Fred Wilson, Chair, Search Committee, College of Liberal Arts,
Rochester Institute of Technology, 92 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New
York
14623-5604.
Videotapes and media
BLUE PLANET, released first as an IMAX film, is now available on videotape.
The IMAX presentation is simultaneously an environmental education at global
level and a religious experience, though all this is reduced in the VCR
format. Still, there are breathtaking shots of Earth taken by astronauts
on five space shuttle missions and other space missions. Action moves from
Earth seen from space to the ground--the Serengeti plains, rainforests on
fire, a hurricane, lightning and a thunderstorm, the San Francisco earthquake,
frozen arctic lands, crowded cities, and a computer simulated ride along
the San Andreas fault. A vision of trying to live in harmony with our sometimes
turbulent planet, and an alarm about tampering with the very fabric of life,
altering the strands than bind us all together. Watch this, then ask whether
there are duties to the planet. 42 minutes. Available at $ 29.95 from The
Video Catalog, P. O. Box 64267, St. Paul, MN 55164-0428. Toll free number
800/733-2232.
Ecology and the Environment, a brochure on outstanding video programs, is
available from Films for the Humanities and Sciences, P. O. Box 2053, Princeton,
NJ 08543-2053. 800/257-5126. Dozens of videos for purchase or rental. Samples:
"Preserving the Rainforest," "Plants in Peril," "Restoring
the Environment," "Urban Ecology," "Sowing the Seeds
of Disaster," "Chernobyl," "Seas Under Siege,"
"Down in the Dumps," "Baikal: Blue Eye of Siberia,"
and many more.
Clarissa Pinkola EstÇs, "The Wild Woman Archetype." A tape
cassette presentation of her best-selling book, WOMEN WHO RUN WITH THE WOLVES.
How any woman can rediscover and free her own wild nature. Her book has
been on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for sixty weeks.
From Wireless Audio Collection, Minnesota Public Radio, P. O. Box 64422,
St. Paul, MN 55164-0422. $ 18.95.
Environmental Philosophy in the United Kingdom
Cardiff, University of Wales. Robin Attfield and Andrew Belsey work in environmental
philosophy. There is a postgraduate program in Applied Ethics with a Center
for Applied Ethics. There are Ph.D and M.Phil degrees by research. The Ph.D.
is normally a three-year program, with a research thesis. The M. Phil. is
normally a one-year research degree with a longer dissertation. There is
also a one year full-time M.A., with a shorter dissertation. Also there
is a two year M.A. in social ethics (part-time). All these degrees can be
done with an emphasis on environmental ethics. The Royal Institute of Philosophy
Conference, "Philosophy and the Natural Environment," was held
here in July 1993, with a volume forthcoming from Cambridge University Press,
both as an annual of the Royal Institute of Philosophy and as a separate
volume. The conference drew about 200 persons from both the United Kingdom
and Europe. See earlier. Attfield is the author of THE ETHICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERN (Blackwell, Columbia University Press, 1983), recently released
in second edition (University of Georgia Press), also the author of ENVIRONMENTAL
PHILOSOPHY: PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS (Aldershot: Avebury, 1993), see below.
Contact: Board of Studies for Philosophy, University of Wales College of
Cardiff, P. O. Box 94, Cardiff CF1 3XE, UK.
Lancaster. The University of Lancaster has the most developed program in
environmental philosophy in the United Kingdom, with study leading to the
M.Phil and Ph.D, as well as a taught course, the MA in Values and the Environment.
The program is located in Furness College. The Program Director is Allan
Holland, and another faculty member there is Kate Rawles, with an interest
in both animal and environmental issues. Holland is also the editor of ENVIRONMENTAL
VALUES, the British counterpart of the journal ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS. Robin
Grove-White is Director of the Centre for the Study of Environmental Change
here, author of a number of papers on ethics and the environment. Eleven
modules of instruction are offered; six are required to complete the degree,
together with a dissertation. Sample modules: "Ethical Theory and Environmental
Values," "Land as a Community," "Science and the Domination
of Nature," "Biotechnology and the Environment," "The
Representation of the Environment in Visual Art," "Conceptions
of Animals, Plants and Nature in the West: A Historical Approach."
Contact: The Programme Director, Alan Holland, Department of Philosophy,
Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YT. UK.
Oxford. The Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics and Society is located
at Mansfield College, Oxford, now about two years old, and in the process
of vigorous development. There is a focus on ethics and values as foundational
for the analysis of the social dimension of environmental issues. The Centre
is multi- disciplinary and undertakes projects for the resolution of practical
problems. The Centre is endorsed by the World Wide Fund for Nature and WWF,
UK. John B. Muddiman is interim coordinator of the Directorate, with the
search for a director underway. One faculty appointment, Andrew Linzey,
is a senior research fellow in this field. Linzey has written or edited
CHRISTIANITY AND THE RIGHTS OF ANIMALS (SPCK, 1987), COMPASSION FOR ANIMALS
(SPCK, 1988), (with Tom Regan), ANIMALS AND CHRISTIANITY (Crossroad, 1988).
The Centre anticipates having visiting fellows and is considering an earned
M.A. (All Oxford graduates are granted a pro forma M.A. more or less automatically
several years after graduation.) Another Oxford philosopher interested in
environmental issues is Roger Crisp, St. Anne's College. A recent Oxford
Ph.D is Clare Palmer, who wrote a dissertation on process philosophy and
theology and environmental philosophy; she now has a teaching position at
the University of Greenwich, see below. Address: Oxford Centre for the Environment,
Ethics and Society, Mansfield College, Oxford OX1 3TF, UK.
Aberdeen. Nigel Dower, presently chair of the Department of Philosophy,
directs the Centre for Philosophy Technology and Society (CPTS), with principal
interest in development issues, especially international development, and
with a considerable interest in environmental ethics as this intersects
with international development. A conference in September 1993 was on the
theme, "Technology, the Environment and Ethics." Dower also holds
a joint appointment in politics. He is an officer in the International Development
Ethics Association (IDEA) and edited ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY
(Aldershot: Avebury, 1989). The Centre at Aberdeen has worked in association
with the Centre of Ethics, University of Iceland, holding a conference there
in March 1993. Contact: Nigel Dower, Director, CPTS, Department of Philosophy,
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 2UB, UK.
Manchester. Keekok Lee is launching a Centre for Philosophy and the Environment
at the University of Manchester. Lee is the author of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
AND ECOLOGICAL SCARCITY (Routledge, 1989). Address: Department of Philosophy,
The University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Edinburgh. Ronald Hepburn at the University of Edinburgh continues an interest
in the aesthetics of nature, recently publishing "Trivial and Serious
in Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature," in Salim Kemal and Ivan Gaskell,
eds., LANDSCAPE, NATURAL BEAUTY AND THE ARTS, see below. Cheryl Foster completed
this year a doctoral dissertation, "Aesthetics and the Natural Environment,"
under Hepburn. See above. At New College, the divinity school, Ruth Page
teaches a class in theology and ecology. She has a series of publications
in this field, including two chapters in Elizabeth Breuilly and Martin Palmer,
eds. CHRISTIANITY AND ECOLOGY (London and New York: Cassel, 1992).
Nottingham. Although located at Mansfield College Oxford, Andrew Linzey
(see under Oxford) has a special chair at the University of Nottingham under
the terms of which he teaches regularly a class there in theology and ecology.
Liverpool. Stephen R. L. Clark is professor of philosophy at the University
of Liverpool. He is the author of THE MORAL STATUS OF ANIMALS (Clarendon
Press, 1977) and THE NATURE OF THE BEAST: ARE ANIMALS MORAL? (Oxford University
Press, 1982).
Durham. At the University of Durham, David E. Cooper is interested in environmental
philosophy. He and Joy A. Palmer, in Education, recently edited THE ENVIRONMENT
IN QUESTION: ETHICS AND GLOBAL ISSUES (Routledge, 1992), perhaps the most
accessible such anthology in the United Kingdom. Address: Department of
Philosophy, University of Durham, 50 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN, UK.
London, Greenwich. Clare Palmer teaches environmental ethics, environmental
politics, and political theory at the University of Greenwich in London,
which was formerly named Thames Polytechnic. She is a recent Oxford Ph.D
(see above) and is an editor of Ball, Goodall, Palmer, and Readers, THE
EARTH BENEATH: A CRITICAL GUIDE TO GREEN THEOLOGY, see below. She also is
interested in animal welfare issues. Address: University of Greenwich, Deptford
Campus, Rachel McMillan Building, Creek Road, London SE8 3BU, UK.
The Polytechnic of Central London has established an interdisciplinary Centre
for Environmental Policy Study. Contact: Polytechnic of Central London,
25 Marylebone Road, London NW1 5LS.
Keele. University of Keele. Andrew Dobson, Department of Politics, is one
of the principal students in the United Kingdom of green politics, especially
interested in the crossovers between environmental philosophy and environmental
politics. See Andrew Dobson, ed., THE GREEN READER (London, AndrÇ
Deutsch, 1991; San Francisco: Mercury House, 1991), more below. See also
Andrew Dobson and Paul Lucardie, eds., THE POLITICS OF NATURE (London and
New York: Routledge, 1993), more below. Also, GREEN POLITICAL THOUGHT (London:
Unwin Hyman, 1990).
A group on religion and ecology is active, sponsoring for example a symposium
on "Ecology and Ethics" at the Sixth International Congress on
Ecology, INTECOL VI, to be held at Manchester, August 20-26, 1994. This
group includes R. J. (Sam) Berry, Past- President of the British Ecological
Society, and Ghilhean T. Prance, Director of Kew Gardens. Contact: Rev.
Nigel S. Cooper, The Rectory, 40 Church Road, Rivenhall, Witham, Essex,
CM8 3PQ. Phone 0376 511161. There was at Oxford on July 2 a meeting of some
forty experts from various disciplines asking about evangelical Christians
and the environment, convened and chaired by R. J. Berry, setting up an
International Evangelical Environmental Network. Contact: R. C. J. Carling,
90 Charlton Road, Shirley, Southampton SO1 5EW. Phone 0703-778830.
Recent Books, Articles, and Other Materials Reminder: ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, and (for the most part) THE TRUMPETER and BETWEEN
THE SPECIES and ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY REVIEW are not catalogued here. ISEE
members interested in keeping abreast of the literature in the field need
to consult those journals directly. Members are also encouraged to send
notice of articles (preferably copies) to the editor, especially of those
articles and books published in places members at large are less likely
to see.
The explosion of textbooks and anthologies in environmental ethics continues.
Here are the three most recent additions to a surprising number that have
appeared this year:
--Donald VanDeVeer and Christian Pierce, eds., THE ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
AND POLICY BOOK: PHILOSOPHY, ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Publishing Co., 1994. 649 pages. Hardcover. $ 40.50. Features interdisciplinary
crossovers between philosophy and politics and economics more than some
of the others. Sections: I. An Introduction to Ethical Theory. II. Western
Religions and Environmental Attitudes. III. The Other Animals. IV. Constructing
an Environmental Ethic, divided into A: The Broader, Biotic Community, B:
Approaches to Conflict Resolution, C: Deep Ecology and Social Ecology, and
D. Ecofeminism. V. Economics, Ethics, and Ecology, divided into A. Letting
the Market Decide, B. Cost-Benefit Analysis, and C. Ecological Sustain-
ability. VI. Problems and Environmental Policies, divided into A. Human
Population and Pressure on Resources, B. From the Commons to Property, C.
Preserving Biodiversity, D. Forests and Wilderness, and E. Degrading the
Planet. VII. Varieties of Activism. A wide ranging and well conceived text.
Also a useful bibliography of medium length, with directions to more extensive
bibliographies. One drawback is the price. It is only in hardcover at a
list price of $ 40.50. Both authors are philosophers at North Carolina State
University, and also the editors of PEOPLE, PENGUINS, AND PLASTIC TREES.
--Lisa H. Newton and Catherine K. Dillingham, WATERSHEDS: CLASSIC CASES
IN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993. 249 pages. Paper.
Nine pivotal events that have much to tell us about our relationship with
Earth: Love Canal, the ozone layer and its depletion, UNCED at Rio, the
Exxon Valdez, the Northwest forests and the spotted owl, Chernobyl, Chico
Mendez and the tropical rainforests, the global greenhouse and our changing
climate, Bhopal. Environmental complexity, the biological, economic, and
legal issues, damage done irrevocably to real people and the land they depend
on. How such disasters could be prevented and what they teach us philosophically
about how we do and ought to live on Earth. Impressive detail and documentation
of the cases combined with insightful ethical analysis. Both authors are
at Fairfield University.
--Dale Westphal and Fred Westphal, eds., PLANET IN PERIL: ESSAYS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
ETHICS. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994. Softcover.
265 pages. $ List 24.00, price to bookstores, $ 18.00. Part One: Changes
in Attitude: Toward a Biocentric Ethic. Part Two: The Wilderness: The Inherent
Value of Undeveloped Nature. Part Three: Pollutions: Cleansing the Air,
the Waters, and the Land. Part Four: The Animals: The Rights of our Neighbors.
Includes articles by Gore, Taylor, Goodpaster, Sagoff, Callicott, Godfrey--Smith,
Stone, Baxter, Kelman, Rolston, Singer, Regan, Russow. This one is more
selective than comprehensive, modest and manageable in size and price, and
contrasts with the much bigger collections. Also the selections are less
abbreviated than in the bigger collections with dozens of extracts. Dale
Westphal is professor of philosophy emeritus at Western Michigan University
and taught one of the first courses in the United States in environmental
ethics. Fred Westphal is in philosophy at the University of Miami, Florida.
By way of reminder, the following have appeared earlier this year: (Further
comment in previous NEWSLETTER issues).
--Peter C. List, ed., RADICAL ENVIRONMENTALISM: PHILOSOPHY AND TACTICS.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1993. 276 pages, paper. Sections
on deep ecology, on ecofeminism, on social ecology and bioregionalism, on
radical ecoactivism and ecotactics. Intends to help `moderates' sharpen
their resolve to find and act on a theoretically coherent and practically
feasible environmental ethics.
--Joseph R. Des Jardins, ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL
PHILOSOPHY. 272 pages, paper. Wadsworth, 1993. Sections on basic ethical
concepts, forests, pollution, climate change, economics, energy, future
generations, duties to animals, biocentrism, the land ethic, deep ecology,
ecofeminism. End of chapter summaries and discussion questions.
--Susan J. Armstrong and Richard G. Botzler, eds., ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS:
DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE. McGraw-Hill, 1993. Soft cover, under $ 25. The
biggest anthology in the field, 70 articles, quite comprehensive.
--Michael Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren,
and John P. Clark, eds., ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY: FROM ANIMAL RIGHTS TO
RADICAL ECOLOGY. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1993. Anthology for
college use, generally with a good balance of positions.
--Richard E. Hart, ed., ETHICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Lanham, MD: University
Press of America, 1992. Paper, $ 16.50. 158 pages. A dozen papers from a
conference at Long Island University, C. W. Post Campus.
--Andrew McLaughlin, REGARDING NATURE: INDUSTRIALISM AND DEEP ECOLOGY. Albany:
State University of New York Press, 1993. 280 pp.
At least two more should be out by the end of the year:
--Louis P. Pohman, ed., ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: READINGS IN THEORY AND APPLICATION.
Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1994. Arranged in a pro and con dialogue. The
historical roots of our ecological crisis, animal rights, biocentrism, a
land ethic, deep ecology, intrinsic natural value, ecofeminism, the Gaia
hypothesis, the preservation of biodiversity, obligations to future generations,
Asian concepts of nature and the human relation to it, world population,
pollution, wastes, energy policy, climate change, sustainable development,
economics, ethics, and environmental policy.
--Dale Jamieson and Lori Gruen, eds., THINKING OF NATURE: READINGS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
PHILOSOPHY. Oxford University Press. 1994. Anthology of about forty articles.
Environmental philosophy is just about the hottest thing going in the field,
from a publisher's point of view. But are we to fear that the market is
being flooded? Not if there is a class on environmental ethics in every
major college and university. Certainly there is an embarrassment of riches
in text materials for such classes.
--------------------
Recent books and articles, continued:
--ENVIRONMENTAL GRANTMAKING FOUNDATIONS 1993. Rochester, NY: Environmental
Data Research Institute (1655 Elmwood Ave., Suite 225, Rochester, NY 14620-3426),
1993. $ 55.00. 400 foundations, the most significant independent, community,
and company-sponsored foundations. These foundations together gave over
$ 350 million for environmental purposes last year. Why foundations make
the awards they do. Sample grants. Key personnel.
--Robin Attfield, ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY: PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS. Aldershot,
Hampshire, UK: Avebury Series in Philosophy, 1994. 225 pages. Hardback.
About ú 35.00. Sixteen previously published essays in environmental
philosophy. A first section reappraises attitudes to nature implicit in
Western religions and philosophical traditions and finds the former at least
as environmentally benign as the latter. The second part defends methods
of environmental reasoning which, without discarding them, extend traditional
ethical concerns so as to take future interests and nonhuman interests seriously.
The third part examines basic principles of value and obligation, defends
the decisionmaking approach of Comprehensive Weighing, and relates environmental
concerns to the needs of the Third World.
--Laura Westra, AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROPOSAL FOR ETHICS: THE PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY.
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1993. 240 pages. $ 21.95 paper. $ 55.00
cloth. What does ecosystem integrity mean as a basis of moral obligation?
Part I: The Theory of Integrity, with chapters analyzing integrity, respect,
and dignity in philosophy, science, and law, and concluding with a defense
of biocentric holism. Part II. The Practice of Integrity, with analysis
how to make the concept of ecosystem integrity operational. "Westra's
book is the best philosophical defense, to date, of the ecosystems approach
to environmental ethics" -- Kristin Shrader-Frechette. "This original
discussion breaks new ground by thoroughly analyzing ethical values, centering
on the concept of ecological integrity, that apply intrinsically to nature
and that govern our rightful use of the environment" -- Mark Sagoff.
Westra is in philosophy at the University of Windsor.
--Christopher Key Chapple, ed., ECOLOGICAL PROSPECTS: SCIENTIFIC, RELIGIOUS,
AND AESTHETIC PERSPECTIVES. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1993. 236 pages. $ 19.95 paper. $ 59.50 hardcover. How ecological insight
can serve as a management model for appropriate economic development, the
possible categories that can be used to determine land use priorities, working
models for environmental activism, potential paradigms for spiritually attuned
environmentalism, and the role of aesthetic appreciation in the development
of sensitivity to the environment. Chapple is in theology at Loyola Marymount
University.
--Emmett Barcalow, MORAL PHILOSOPHY: THEORY AND ISSUES. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
1994. 432 pages. Paper. Contains a chapter on "Morality and the Environment."
Environmental threats. Sustainable development. Present and future people.
Life- centered versus human-centered environmental ethics. Barcalow is in
philosophy at Western New England College.
--James Sterba, MORALITY IN PRACTICE, 4th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
1994. Paper. $ 576 pages. Contains a section, "Animal Liberation and
Environmental Justice": R. D. Guthrie, "Anthropocentrism";
Peter Singer, "All Animals Are Equal"; Paul W. Taylor, "The
Ethics of Respect for Nature"; James P. Sterba, "Environmental
Justice"; plus a section on applications. Sterba is in philosophy at
the University of Notre Dame.
--Ronald W. Hepburn, "Trivial and Serious in Aesthetic Appreciation
of Nature," in Salim Kemal and Ivan Gaskell, eds., LANDSCAPE, NATURAL
BEAUTY AND THE ARTS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Hepburn
continues his series of insightful articles on the aesthetic appreciation
of nature. His earlier "Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature," (Harold
Osborne, ed., AESTHETICS IN THE MODERN WORLD, NEW YORK: WEYBRIGHT AND TALLEY,
1968) IS A CLASSIC. The current volume, unfortunately, is available only
in hardcover at $ 59.95.
--Rana P. B. Singh, the executive editor of the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL
OF INDIA, is producing a special volume of that journal, volume 39, ENVIRONMENTAL
ETHICS AND THE POWER OF PLACE: FESTSCHRIFT TO ARNE NAESS, expected January
1994, and hoped to be presented to Arne Naess on his 82nd birthday, January
27, 1994. 440 pages. ISSN 0027-9374/1993/0905-0943. Rs. 600. U.S. $80.00.
There are thirty nine articles. Samples: J. Baird Callicott, "International
Environmental Ethics"; Max Oelschlaeger, "Ecofeminist Discourse
on Place"; Andrew Brennan, "Challenges in the Foundations of Environmental
Policy"; Holmes Rolston, "Down to Earth: Persons in Place in Natural
History"; John E. Carroll, "Ecology and Moral Choice: Bias, Prejudice,
and Ecology"; William Vitek, "Cultural Context and Historicity.
From Genesis to Garbage: The Conceptual Roots of our Solid Waste Crisis";
Erwin H. Zube, "Cross-Cultural Landscape Studies: Review and Assessment";
J. Hansford Vest, "The Wild and the Tame: Understanding Wilderness
and Agriculture in Native America"; J. Donald Hughes, "The Integrity
of Nature and Respect for Place"; and many more, with a fine distribution
of authors from many nations. For a full description contact: Dr. Rana P.
B. Singh, Executive Editor, NGJI, No. B 29/12 A Lanka, Varanasi, UP 221005,
India. Place direct orders with the Secretary, National Geographical Society
of India, Banares Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
--Henry A. Regier, "The Notion of Natural and Cultural Integrity,"
in Stephen Woodley, James Kay, and George Francis, eds., ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ECOSYSTEMS (Waterloo, Ontario: Heritage Resources
Centre, University of Waterloo, and St. Lucie Press, 1993). "A living
system exhibits integrity if, when subjected to disturbance, it sustains
an organizing, self- correcting capability to recover toward an end-state
that is normal and `good' for that system. End-states other than the pristine
or naturally whole may be taken to be `normal and good.'" "There
is room for choice in the kinds of ecosystems with integrity that humans
might prefer. In human-dominated ecosystems, it is really a matter of: `What
kind of garden do we want? What kind of garden can we get?'" Also:
"Forecasts of future ecosystems are not possible, but some future imagining
of preferred ones is." Regier is at the Institute for Environmental
Studies, University of Toronto.
--Pete A. Y. Gunter, THE BIG THICKET: AN ECOLOGICAL REEVALUATION. Denton,
TX: University of North Texas Press, 1993. $ 14.95. 230 pages. A study of
the Big Thicket National Preserve, historical and biological background,
where to go, what to see, and why it matters. Gunter is professor of philosophy
at the University of Texas and has spent much of his life in conservationist
activities at the Big Thicket.
--David Rothenberg, HAND'S END: TECHNOLOGY AND THE LIMITS OF NATURE. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1993. 299 pages. Hardcover, $ 29.95. Rothenberg
offers a radical new look at technology as the fundamental way in which
we experience and define nature--the tool as humanity extended. Our view
of the natural world has changed continually through history, according
to the new ways society has invented to use nature. Tools extend our presence
in the world, while reconfiguring nature according to human understanding.
As we extend the hand in different ways, we perceive what we can touch anew.
The natural world changes, and so do we. Nature emerges as something that
cannot meaningfully be opposed to human civilization. Instead, we need to
consider the diverse meanings of nature during the various epochs of human
civilization and look at nature as a changing foil for our perceived role
in the world. Once aware of the limits that technology reveals, we need
then to temper technical progress with ideals that the development of machinery
tends to elude. Innovations should not be opposed to the surrounding environment.
Instead, we should use technique to make a home in the world. Rothenberg
is assistant professor of humanities at the New Jersey Institute of Technology;
he is known for his work interpreting Arne Naess.
--Stephen R. Kellert and Edward O. Wilson, eds., THE BIOPHILIA HYPOTHESIS.
Washington: Island Press, 1993. 484 pages. Hardbound. Essays on our innate
affinity for the natural world, "biophilia," how our tendency
to focus on life and lifelike processes might be a biologically based need,
integral to our development as individuals and as a species. Biophilia and
its converse, biophobia (such as fear of snakes and spiders) may have a
genetic component. Edward O. Wilson, "Biophilia and the Conservation
Ethic"; Stephen R. Kellert, "The Biological Basis for Human Values
of Nature"; Roger S. Ulrich, "Biophilia, Biophobia, and Natural
Landscapes"; Judith H. Heerwagen and Gordon H. Orians, "Humans,
Habitats, and Aesthetics"; Aaron Katcher and Gregory Wilkins, "Dialogue
with Animals: Its Nature and Culture"; Richard Nelson, "Searching
for the Lost Arrow: Physical and Spiritual Ecology in the Hunter's World";
Gary Paul Nabhan and Sara St. Antoine, "The Loss of Floral and Faunal
Story: The Extinction of Experience"; Jared Diamond, "New Guineans
and Their Natural World"; Paul Shepard, "On Animal Friends";
Elizabeth Atwood Lawrence, "The Sacred Bee, the Filthy Pig, and the
Bat Out of Hell: Animal Symbolism as Cognitive Biophilia"; Dorion Sagan
and Lynn Margulis, "God, Gaia, and Biophilia"; Madhav Gadgil,
"Of Life and Artifacts"; Holmes Rolston, III, "Biophilia,
Selfish Genes, Shared Values"; David W. Orr, "Love It or Lose
It: The Coming Biophilia Revolution"; Michael E. SoulÇ, "Biophilia:
Unanswered Questions." A wide-ranging group of essays by persons from
many disciplines and likely to prove a definitive, if also exploratory,
work in this field. Wilson is a zoologist at Harvard University; Kellert
is a professor at the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale
University.
--Greg Aplet, Nels Johnson, Jeffrey T. Olson, and V. Alaric Sample, eds.,
DEFINING SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY. Washington: Island Press, 1993. 320 pages.
$ 24.95 paper. $ 49.95 hardcover. The conclusions from a national conference
convened by The Wilderness Society, American Forests, and the World Resources
Institute.
--James K. Agee, FIRE ECOLOGY OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS. Washington:
Island Press, 1993. 490 pages. $ 50.00 hardcover.
--Bob Doppelt, Mary Scurlock, Chris Frissel, and James Karr, ENTERING THE
WATERSHED: A NEW APPROACH TO SAVE AMERICA'S RIVER ECOSYSTEMS. Washington:
Island Press, 1993. $ 27.50 paper. $ 55.00 hardcover. 510 pages. A study
of ecological integrity in rivers to develop new federal riverine protection
and restoration policy alternatives.
--Kai N. Lee, COMPASS AND GYROSCOPE: INTEGRATING SCIENCE AND POLITICS FOR
THE ENVIRONMENT. Washington: Island Press, 1993. 290 pages. $ 25.00 hardcover.
Rigorous science can be the compass and practical politics can be the gyroscope.
Uses the Columbia River Basin in the Pacific Northwest as a case study.
"Sustainable development is not a goal, not a condition likely to be
attained on earth as we know it. Rather it is more like freedom or justice,
a direction in which we strive."
--David A. Adams, RENEWABLE RESOURCE POLICY: THE LEGAL- INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS.
Washington: Island Press, 1993. 580 pages. $ 75.00 hardcover. The history,
laws, and important national policies affecting renewable resource management.
--Lawrence J. MacDonnell and Sara F. Bates, eds., NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY
AND LAW: TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS. Washington: Island Press, 1993. $ 19.95
paper. $ 38.00 hardcover. Ten chapters, by, in addition to the editors,
Clyde O. Martz, George Cameron Coggins, Richard C. Maxwell, A. Dan Tarlock,
Joseph Sax, Charles F. Wilkinson, David Getches, and Richard J. Lazarus.
With a special emphasis on new laws and important legal cases of the past
decade. The editors are at the University of Colorado Law
School.
--Jon M. Van Dyke, Durwood Zaelke, and Grant Hewison, eds., FREEDOM FOR
THE SEAS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: OCEAN GOVERNANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
HARMONY. Washington: Island Press, 1993. $ 27.50 paper. $ 55.00 hardcover.
430 pages. Challenges the prevailing concept of "freedom of the seas"
in favor of a new model, "freedom for the seas," where the primary
goal is the protection of ecological vitality.
--National Commission on the Environment, CHOOSING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE.
Washington: Island Press, 1993. 200 pages. $ 15.00 paper. $ 25.00 hardcover.
--Durwood Zaelke, Robert F. Housman, and Paul Orbuch, eds., TRADE AND THE
ENVIRONMENT. Washington: Island Press, 1993. 270 pages. $ 24.95 paper. $
49.95 hardcover. When it is appropriate for one country to use trade measures
to influence industrial behavior in another country, with better or worse
results for environmental conservation? When are low environmental standards
in one country a subsidy to that country's industries? With chapters by
industrial leaders, trade advocates, environmentalists, international organizations,
and policymakers.
--Gerald Epstein, Julie Graham, and Jessica Nembhardt, eds., CREATING A
NEW WORLD ECONOMY. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. 496 pages.
$ 22.95 paper. $ 49.94 cloth. Twenty- five economists set out the challenges
posed by a global economy. With much reference to environmental conservation.
Epstein is an economist at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Graham
is a geographer there, and Nembhardt specializes in international finances
there.
--Rosemary O'Leary, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: FEDERAL COURTS AND THE EPA. Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 1993. 224 pages. $ 34.95. The impact of hundreds
of federal court decisions on the policies and administration of the Environmental
Protection Agency, since its beginning in 1970. Five areas of focus: water
quality, pesticides, toxic substances, air quality, hazardous wastes. O'Leary
is in the Department of Public Administration in the Graduate School of
Public Affairs, Syracuse University.
--Richard M. Clugston, "Deep Ecotourism," EARTH ETHICS, Summer
1993. Tourism has recently become the world's largest industry, surpassing
petroleum-related businesses in economic activity. For many nations, tourism
is the largest source of foreign income. For some, such as Kenya and Costa
Rica, it is practically the foundation of the economy. Over the past few
years one sector of the tourist industry has grown dramatically, that of
"eco" or "responsible" tourism. Also: lists of resources,
and other articles. Clugston is Director, Center for Respect of Life and
Environment, Washington, DC.
--Oliver R. Barclay, "Animal Rights: A Critique," SCIENCE AND
CHRISTIAN BELIEF, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 49-61. A broader and more soundly established
Christian approach than that of "animal rights" (in Andrew Linzey,
Tom Regan, and others) will find responsibilities for and duties to animals
in the context of those to the whole creation. The term "animal rights"
is inappropriate for animals. It is best abandoned for these more satisfactory
and Biblically-based concepts. There is a positive mandate given to humans
to care for the whole natural world. Barclay is a zoologist.
--Andrew Dobson and Paul Lucardie, eds., THE POLITICS OF NATURE: EXPLORATIONS
IN GREEN POLITICAL THEORY. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. 240 pages.
Twelve essays, including Wouter Achterberg (Philosophy University of Amsterdam),
"Can Liberal Democracy Survive the Environmental Crisis? Sustainability,
Liberal Neutrality and Overlapping Consensus"; and Paul Lucardie, "Why
Would Egocentrists Become Ecocentrists?" Dobson is in politics at the
University of Keele. Lucardie is Research Associate at the Documentation
Center of Dutch Political Parties, University of Groningen.
--Andrew Dobson, ed., THE GREEN READER: ESSAYS TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY.
London, AndrÇ Deutsch, 1991; San Francisco: Mercury House, 1991.
280 pages. Dozens of extracts and short essays from environmentalists. Sections:
The Green Critique; The Green Society; Green Economics; Green Political
Strategies; Green Philosophy. The Green Philosophy section has selections
from Tom Regan, Aldo Leopold, Arne Naess, Richard and Val Routley, Carolyn
Merchant, and others.
--Douglas Booth, VALUING NATURE: THE DECLINE AND PRESERVATION OF OLD GROWTH
FORESTS. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1993. 245 pages. $ 22.95 paper.
$ 57.50 cloth. The shifting values in natural resources policy decision-making
set the stage for a more focused debate on the ethical criteria that should
be employed. The natural history of old-growth forests, aboriginal views
of forests, valuing forests in the era of exploitation, the Endangered Species
Act and old-growth forests. How should old- growth forests be valued? Booth
is professor of economics at Marquette University.
--Richard B. Primack, ESSENTIALS OF CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. Sunderland, MA:
Sinauer Associates, 1993. 564 pages. $ 28.95 cloth. The first unified, systematic
introduction to conservation biology. (Earlier works are largely anthologies.)
Six parts, 22 chapters, 1,000 references. Lots of diagrams and illustrations.
Part III is on "The Value of Biological Diversity, and Chapter 10 is
on "The Ethical Value of Biological Diversity." Primack is professor
of biology at Boston University, an authority on rare plants in Massachusetts
and on the ecology of tree communities in Malaysia. He is the book review
editor for CONSERVATION BIOLOGY.
--C. C. W. (Christopher Charles Whiston) Taylor, ETHICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
Oxford, UK: Corpus Christi College, 1992. 97 pp., paper. Proceedings of
a conference held at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, September 20-21, 1991.
F. A. Osborn, "Environmental Policy Making--The Ethical Dimension";
Sir Christopher Harding, "The Social Responsibility of the Nuclear
Industry"; R. M. Hare, "What Are Cities For? The Ethics of Urban
Planning"; Bernard Williams, "Must a Concern for the Environment
Be Centered on Human Beings?"; Bryan Gould, M. P., "Questions
the Politicians Should Answer"; John Haldane, "Philosophy and
the Ethics of the Environment"; P. E. Hodgson, "Nuclear Power
and the Environment"; Robin Attfield, "Claims, Interests and Environmental
Concerns--A Response to Professor Williams." --Matthew H. Nitecki and
Doris V. Nitecki, eds., EVOLUTIONARY ETHICS. Albany: State University of
New York Press, 1993. 368 pages. $ 16.95 paper. $ 49.50 hardcover. Four
sections: Historical. Sociobiological. Rejection of the Sociobiological.
Further perspectives.
--J. Baird Callicott, "La nature est morte, vive la nature!" êCOLOGIE
POLITIQUE (Paris), No. 7, êtÇ 1993, pp. 73-90. A French translation
of an article that appeared first in English in the HASTINGS CENTER REPORT,
September-October 1992.
--Kent E. Portney, CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: SCIENCE
VS. ECONOMICS VS. POLITICS. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1992.
181 pages. $ 15.50 paper. $ 31.95 cloth. How value disputes have found their
way into the policymaking process, pitting the values of science, technology,
economics, and environmental conservation against the practice of politics.
Portney is at Tufts University.
--Robert D. Bullard, ed., CONFRONTING ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: VOICES FROM
THE GRASSROOTS. Boston, MA: South End Press (116 Saint Botolph St., Boston,
MA 02115), 1993. A book by and about people of color fighting America's
environmental racism, from the Indian reservations to the inner cities.
"Whether by conscious design or institutional neglect, communities
of color face some of the worst environmental destruction in the nation.
Now activists of color have begun to challenge both the industrial polluters
and the often indifferent mainstream environmental movement. Groups have
sprung up from Maine to Louisiana to Alaska." This book tells their
story.
--H. Coward and Th. Hurka, THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid
Laurier University and Calgary Institute for the Humanities, 1993.
--U. S. Forest Service, MANAGING AIR RESOURCES IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION.
July 1993. Contains a section on "Wilderness Air Resource Management
Philosophy" with fourteen premises of the study. "1. Wilderness
is not merely a commodity for human use and consumption. Wilderness ecosystems
have intrinsic values other than user/public concerns. 2. The objective
of Wilderness management is to offer a natural user experience, rather than
an enjoyable one. 3. All Wilderness components are equally important; none
are of lesser value than others. 4. A Wilderness component is important
even if users of the Wilderness are unaware of its existence. 5. All life
forms are equally important. For example, microorganisms are as essential
as elk or grizzly bears. 6. The goal of Wilderness management is to protect
not only resources with immediate aesthetic appeal (i.e. sparkling clear
streams) but also unseen ecological processes (such as natural biodiversity
and gene pools." And more. Contact Dennis Haddow, Air Program Manager,
U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Box 25127, Lakewood, CO 80225-0127.
--Susan D. Lanier-Graham, THE ECOLOGY OF WAR: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WEAPONRY
AND WARFARE. New York: Walker and Company, 1993. Effects of battles on the
landscape, and also the peacetime aspects of war, such as weapons testing,
waste disposal. Lanier- Graham teaches at Colorado Northwestern Community
College in Craig, Colorado.
--Joni Seager, EARTH FOLLIES: COMING TO FEMINIST TERMS WITH THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CRISIS. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. 336 pages. $ 27.50 cloth.
The environmental crisis is not just a crisis of biophysical ecosystems.
It is the product of the dominant culture and of the institutions that set
cultural norms. These include, predominantly, the militaries, multinationals,
and governments, all of which are the products of masculinist culture. Environmental
relations are inextricable from the larger gender relations that shape modern
life. A feminist analysis is absolutely crucial.
--Carolyn Merchant, RADICAL ECOLOGY: THE SEARCH FOR A LIVEABLE WORLD. London
and New York: Routledge, 1993. 288 pages. $ 49.95 cloth. In order to maintain
a liveable world, we must formulate new social, economic, scientific, and
spiritual approaches that will fundamentally transform human relationships
with nature. Merchant analyzes the revolutionary ideas of visionary ecologists
to bring environmental problems to the attention of the public and examines
the problems, the ideas, the actions that will make society rethink, reconstruct,
and reinvent its relationship with the non-human world in the search for
a liveable world.
--Alison M. Jaggar, ed., LIVING WITH CONTRADICTIONS: CONTROVERSIES IN FEMINIST
SOCIAL ETHICS. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. 600 pages. $ 55.00. A
host of readings, with one section on "Environmentalism," contributors
include Barbara Omolade, "We Speak for the Planet"; Karen J. Warren,
"Taking Empirical Data Seriously: An Ecofeminist Philosophical Perspective";
Marti Kheel, "From Healing Herbs to Deadly Drugs: Western Medicine's
War Against the Natural World"; Vandana Shiva, "Development, Ecology,
and Women"; Val Plumwood, "Conversation with Gaia", Judith
Plant, "Searching for Common Ground: Ecofeminism and Bioregionalism";
Cynthia Hamilton, "Women, Home, and Community: The Struggle in an Urban
Environment"; Ellen O'Loughlin, "Questioning Sour Grapes: Ecofeminism
and the United Farm Workers Grape Boycott"; Jo Whitehorse Cochran,
"Stealing the Planet"; Ronnie Zoe Hawkins, "Reproductive
Choices: The Ecological Dimension"; The Committee on Women, Population,
and the Environment, "Women, Population, and the Environment: Call
for a New Approach." Jaggar is professor of philosophy and women studies
at the University of Colorado.
--Catharna J. M. Halkes, NEW CREATION: CHRISTIAN FEMINISM AND THE RENEWAL
OF THE EARTH. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991. 177 pages. Examining
the images that Western culture has formed of women and nature opens the
door to reinterpreting the meaning of creation and our relation to it in
terms of mutuality and connectedness.
--Mark Stanton and Dennis Guernsey, "The Christian's Ecological Responsibility:
A Theological Introduction and Challenge," PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE
AND CHRISTIAN FAITH, March 1993.
--Viriato Soromenho-Marques, "O Problema da Decisa~o em Pol·tica
de Ambiente (The Problem of Decision in Environmental Policy)," In
Portuguese. REVISTA CRTICA DE CINCIAS SOCIALS, no. 36, February 1993, pp.
27-40. The problem of decision-making in the field of environmental policy,
with all the complexity of its causes, is perhaps the principal task of
environmental policy, which is here understood as Realpolitik for the present
crisis of modern society. The argument tries to clarify some aspects of
that decisive and vital question. Soromenho-Marques is professor of philosophy
at Cidade Universitaria, Lisboa, Portugal, and the chair of QUERCUS, Portugal's
National Association for Conservation of Nature (see above). Address: Departmento
de Filosofia, Cidade Universitaria, 1699, Lisboa Codex, Portugal.
--Sallie McFague, THE BODY OF GOD: AN ECOLOGICAL THEOLOGY Minneapolis: Fortress
Press, 1993. 274 pages. Softcover. McFague constructs a model of God specifically
for the sake of the Earth. She hopes to join what have been separated, body
and soul, humans and the rest of nature, God and the Earth. She invites
readers to think and act as if bodies matter, because they do. She proposes
an organic model for conceiving God, which, she maintains, is in keeping
with contemporary scientific understandings of the widely accepted common
creation story and provides a basis for reconceiving the Christian understanding
of human existence in an ecologically ordered natural world. "The universe
as God's body is a rich, suggestive way to radicalize the glory, the awesomeness,
the beyond-all-imagining power and mystery of God in a way that at the same
time radicalizes the nearness, the availability, the physicality of divine
immanence" "We would then have an entire planet that reflects
the glory, the very being--although not the face--of God" "We
do not see God's face, but only the back. But we DO see the back."
(pp. 132-133) A preceding book, MODELS OF GOD, anticipated this one and
received the American Academy of Religion's Award for Excellence. McFague
is professor of theology at Vanderbilt Divinity School.
--Dale Jamieson, "Ecology, Social Theory, and the Green Movement,"
BROCK REVIEW (Brock University, Canada), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 22-33. The core
values and commitments that drive the green movement. Why the green vision
is a valuable contribution to social theory. Greens are fundamentally anti-hierarchial
and for participatory democracy, although their basing these on deep ecology
is more problematic. In its attaching value to systems, deep ecology is
a fundamentally confused theory of value. Jamieson is in philosophy at the
University of Colorado, Boulder.
--James Swan, NATURE AS TEACHER AND HEALER. New York: Random House, Villard
Books, 1992. 322 pages. $ 13.00. "A spiritual first-aid kit for anyone
who feels alienated from nature." Swan is an environmental psychologist
who heads the Institute for the Study of Natural Systems, Mill Valley, CA.
--J. Krishnamurti, ON NATURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.
1991. 112 pages. $ 8.95 paper. Thirty four rather brief selections from
the work of Krishnamurti, who died in 1986 at the age of ninety. Sensitive
descriptions of nature but rather little reflection on nature from the perspective
of the ecological crisis. Nature supports and sustains us and we ought to
protect it, but we are so increasingly concerned with our own little selves
that we are out of touch with nature. All of our personal, social, political,
economic, and environmental pains and problems are caused by our spiritually
confused selves and can only be ameliorated by spiritually changing ourselves.
--E. O. Wilson, "Is Humanity Suicidal?" NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE,
May 30, 1993. Humans are not exempt from the ecological laws that bind other
species. "Human physical and spiritual health depends on sustaining
the planet in a relatively unaltered state."
--Leena Vilkka, YMPéRISTôETIIKKA (ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS): VASTUU
LUONNOSTA, ELéIMISTé JA TULEVISTA SUKUPOLVISTA (RESPONSIBILITIES
TO NATURE, ANIMALS, AND FUTURE GENERATIONS). Helsinki: Yliopistopaino (University
Press of Helsinki), 1993. (Address: Vuorikatu 3 A, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland)
ISBN 951-570-154-6. 238 pages, paper. The first book in Finnish in environmental
ethics. Chapter titles: What is Environmental Ethics?; The Scope of Ethics;
Main Trends in Environmental Philosophy; Attitudes to Nature; Values in
Nature; The Rights of Nature, Animals, and Future Generations. Vilkka is
a researcher at the Academy of Finland, Helsinki. Her address is Department
of Philosophy, P. O. Box 44 (JyrÑngîntie 2), SF-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland.
--L. I. Vasilenko and V. E. Ermolaeva, eds., GLOBALNIYE PROBLEMY I OBSHCHECHELOVECHESKIYE
TSENNOSTI (GLOBAL PROBLEMS AND HUMAN VALUES). Moscow: Progress Publishers,
1990. ISBN 5-01-001586-2. 496 pages. Hardbound. Articles translated from
English and French into Russian. This volume contains Russian translations
of Holmes Rolston, "Is There an Ecological Ethic?"; J. Baird Callicott,
"Conceptual Resources for Environmental Ethics in Asian Traditions
of Thought," Robin Attfield, selections from his ETHICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERN; Kenneth Inada, "Environmental Problematics in the Buddhist
Context," a selection from Albert Schweitzer. Vasilenko was in the
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, and is recently deceased;
Ermolaeva is a researcher with that Institute.
--Boleslaw Andrzejewski, ed. HUMANISTYKA I EKOLOGIA (HUMANISTICS AND ECOLOGY).
In Polish. Poznan: Fundacja WARTA, 1992. Paper. 190 pages. Seventeen authors
who are mostly at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland. With English
summaries at the end of each articles. Sample articles (titles translated
from Polish): Wlodzimierz Wilowski, "The Ecological Man Ideal of Lao
Tsu"; Ryszard Stachowski, "Man and the World in Greek Natural
Philosophy"; Boleslaw Andrzejewski, "Philosophy and Ecology";
Andrzej Przylebski, "Heidegger's Critique of Metaphysics as a Possible
Foundation of the Ecology Philosophy"; Zbigniew Kuderowicz, "System
of Values and Protection of Environment"; Eugeniusz Kosmicki, "Basic
Problems of Ethics in Ecology"; Jan Wawrzyniak, "The Elements
of Neonaturalistic Environmental and Evolutionary Ethics"; Zbigniew
Blok, "Ecology as the Main Premise for the Construction of a New Paradigm
of Social Development." Andrzejewski is professor of philosophy, Institute
of Philosophy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland.
--Northest Forestry University, Social Ecology and Ecological Philosophy
Research Editorial Committee, SOCIAL ECOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY RESEARCH.
In Chinese. Harbin, China: Northeast Forestry University Press, 1992. 264
pages. ISBN 7- 81008-318-X/B.9 An anthology of about three dozen papers,
grouped in six parts: Part I: Theoretical Research Regarding Humans and
Nature. Part II. The Methological Problem of Ecological Research. Part III.
Rational Use of Natural Resources and the Problem of Environmental Protection.
Part IV. The Problem of Development and the Use of Recycled Resources. Part
V. Cooperative and Developmental Principles and Strategies of Ecology, Economics,
and Society. Part VI. On Recognized Opinions of Ecology, Ecological Culture,
and Problems in Ecological Ethics. A contact here, and contributor to the
volume, is Professor Ye Ping, Social Science Department, Northeast Forestry
University, 150040 Harbin, P. R. CHINA.
--Ian Ball, Margaret Goodall, Clare Palmer, and John Readers, eds., THE
EARTH BENEATH: A CRITICAL GUIDE TO GREEN THEOLOGY. London: SPCK, 1992. 216
pages. Robin Grove-White, "Human Identity and Environmental Crisis";
Margaret Goodall and John Reader, "Environmentalism as the Question
of Human Identity; Clare Palmer, "Stewardship: A Case Study in Environmental
Ethics"; Ian Carter, "Teilhard de Chardin: An Ecological Spirituality";
Margaret Goodall and John Reader, "Why Matthew Fox Fails To Change
the World"; and others.
--Bron R. Taylor, "Evoking the Ecological Self," PEACE REVIEW
5(1993):225-230. Three function of the arts in the deep ecology movement:
(1) evoking ecological consciousness, (2) calling forth and empowering ecological
activists, and (3) a tool for ecological resistance. Taylor teaches religion
and social ethics at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh and is currently
writing ONCE AND FUTURE PRIMITIVE: THE SPIRITUAL POLITICS OF THE DEEP ECOLOGY
MOVEMENT (Beacon Press).
--Elizabeth Breuilly and Martin Palmer, eds. CHRISTIANITY AND ECOLOGY. London
and New York: Cassel, 1992. 128 pages.
--Matthew J. McKinney, "Designing a Dispute Resolution System for Water
Policy and Management," NEGOTIATION JOURNAL, April 1992. McKinney has
recently been named the director of the Montana Office of Public Policy
Dispute Resolution. He completed his M.A. in environmental ethics at Colorado
State University and a Ph.D. in natural resources at the University of Michigan.
--David Pepper, ECO-SOCIALISM: FROM DEEP ECOLOGY TO SOCIAL JUSTICE. London
and New York: Routledge, 1993. Paper. 266 pages. Has concern for nature
taken priority over our concern for people? Must capitalism inevitably degrade
environments and produce social injustice? How can Marxist analysis improve
the coherence of green politics? Pepper is in geography at Oxford Brookes
University.
--Michael P. T. Leahy, AGAINST LIBERATION: PUTTING ANIMALS IN PERSPECTIVE.
London and New York: Routledge, 1991. 273 pages. Concern for the rights
of animals is based on a series of fundamental misconceptions about the
basic nature of animals, which tend to identify them rationally, emotionally,
and morally far too closely with ourselves. Leahy is in philosophy at the
University of Kent.
--Stephen St. C. Bostock, ZOOS AND ANIMAL RIGHTS: THE ETHICS OF KEEPING
ANIMALS. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. Paper. 227 pages. Bostock
is the education officer for Glasgow Zoo.
--Brenda Almond and Donald Hill, eds., APPLIED PHILOSOPHY: MORALS AND METAPHYSICS
IN CONTEMPORARY DEBATE. London and New York: Routledge, 1991. Part I is
on "The Environment." Contains R. M. Hare (Philosophy, University
of Florida), "Moral Reasoning about the Environment," and response
by Donald Hill, Polytechnic University of North London; Timo Airaksinen
(Philosophy, University of Helsinki), "Original Populations and Environmental
Rights"; T. L. S. Sprigge (Philosophy, University of Edinburgh), "Are
There Intrinsic Values in Nature?"; William Grey (Philosophy, University
of New England, Armidale, Australia), "A Critique of Deep Ecology,"
and response by Alan R. Drengson (Philosophy, University of Victoria).
--BEACHAM'S GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND SOURCES. 5 volumes; 3,350
pages; 40,000 citations. 39 chapters in entries varying from 35 to 150 pages.
$ 240. Claims to be the only comprehensive bibliography related to environmental
issues worldwide, organized by topic and by type of source for useful access.
Beacham Publishing, Inc., 2100 S Street, N. W., Washington, DC 2008. 800/466-9644.
Fax 202/234-1402.
--Edith Brown Weiss, Paul C. Szasz, and Daniel B. Magraw, INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND REFERENCES. Transnational Publishers,
Inc., One Bridge St., Irvington, NY 10533. 750 pages. 1992. $ 95.00. Eighty-five
documents, with lists of 870 international environmental instruments. Brown
Weiss is Associate General Counsel for International Environmental Law at
the Environmental Protection Agency; Szasz is former Director of the General
Legal Division of the United Nations; Magraw teaches environmental law at
the University of Colorado.
--Alexandre Kiss and Dinah Shelton, INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: A WORLDWIDE
PERSPECTIVE. Transnational Publishers, Inc. (see above). 575 pages. $ 95.00.
1991.
--Peter M. Haas, Robert I. Keohane, and Marc A. Levy, eds., INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE EARTH: SOURCES OF EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993. 340 pages. $ 17.95 paper. The factors influencing
organized responses to seven international problems (ozone, acid rain, the
Baltic and North Seas, oil pollution, fisheries management, pesticide use,
population). A study of the institutions that make solutions to international
environmental problems possible. Haas is in political science at the University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, Keohane is in international peace at Harvard
University. Levy is in politics and international affairs at Princeton University.
--Eric T. Freyfogle, JUSTICE AND THE EARTH: IMAGES FOR OUR PLANETARY SURVIVAL.
New York: Free Press, 1993. We all carry mental images of the natural world
that help guide us in our daily interactions with the planet. Freyfogle
shows how influential these guiding images are, and why we need to rethink
them if we are to reverse the Earth's decline. We must reconsider familiar
assumptions about owing property, about human superiority over other species,
about the values of the free market, and the extent of our environmental
knowledge. With examples from environmental controversies in Cape May, New
Jersey, Ely, Minnesota, and on Utah's Burr Trail. How to replace outmoded,
simplistic images with new images. Freyfogle is a professor of law at the
University of Illinois and a naturalist.
--GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS is a new international
journal that addresses the human ecological and public policy dimensions
of the environmental processes that are threatening the sustainability of
life on Earth. The editor is Professor Martin Perry, Environmental Change
Unit, 1a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, United Kingdom. The journal is
published in cooperation with the United Nations University.
--Daniel L. Dustin, THE WILDERNESS WITHIN: JOURNEYS IN SELF- DISCOVERY.
San Diego, CA: Institute for Leisure Behavior, San Diego State University.
1993. 153 pages. $ 6.95. ISBN 1- 882708-52-0. Dustin finds that journeys
he takes to places "out there" to the exterior world of mountains,
forests, deserts, and tundra become journeys he takes "in here"
in his interior world. "To me wilderness is the logical place, indeed
the ideal place, to marvel at life's unfolding, to live at life's edge.
It is in wilderness that we can best discard the protective armor that shields
us from life itself. It is in wilderness that we can best get down to earth,
that we can best open up and receive the world around us. It is in wilderness
that we can best rejoice in the here and now. But the way wilderness is
managed these days tends to undermine this opportunity." (p. 5) Thoughtful
reflections of interest to whose who ask what happens to people in wilderness.
Dustin is Distinguished Professor in San Diego State University's Department
of Recreation, Parks, and Tourism.
--William H. Skelton, ed., WILDERNESS TRAILS OF CHEROKEE NATIONAL FOREST.
Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992. 323 pages. Over a hundred
tails in this 625,000 acre national forest, along the Tennessee-North Carolina
State line, accessible within a day's drive by most of the Eastern United
States and surrounding the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, one of the
most visited parks in the world. This is a fine example of a University
Press contributing to local environmental appreciation and conservation.
Skelton is a Knoxville, Tennessee attorney.
--Gary Paul Nabhan, ed., COUNTING SHEEP: TWENTY WAYS OF SEEING DESERT BIGHORN.
Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. 260 pages. $ 16.95 paper. $ 29.95
cloth. Twenty persons from different disciplines and cultures focus their
attention on just one animal, the desert bighorn.
--John Alcock, THE MASKED BOBWHITE RIDES AGAIN. Tucson: University of Arizona
Press, 1993. An invitation to urbanites in the U. S. Southwest to venture
forth and learn more about the Sonoran desert, a dynamic landscape on which
the human population has exploded.
--Susan Zakin, COYOTES AND TOWN DOGS: EARTH FIRST! AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
MOVEMENT. New York: Viking, 1993. 483 pages. $ 23.50. A fast-paced, fact-filled,
and thorough history of Earth First! in the 1980's, often irreverent, tough,
funny, opinionated, even outrageous, and yet also a thoughtful survey of
Earth First! in the context of the broader conservation movement. Earth
First!ers liked their "redneck hippie" image; they led the way
emphasizing the importance of ecosystems and bioregions, concepts that have
since entered the mainstream of environmentalism. Zakin is an environmental
writer whose articles have appeared in publications ranging from the NEW
YORK TIMES to MOTHER JONES.
--VIAGEM PHILOSOPHICA--UMA REDESCOBERTA DA AMAZNIA. PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNEY--A
REDISCOVERY OF THE AMAZON, 1792-1992. Rio de Janeiro: Associaá~o
Promotora de Instruá~o, Editoria Index, 1992. ISBN 85-7083-036-X.
Six essays commemorating the extensive, nine-year naturalist expedition
of Alexandre Rodriques Ferreira (1756-1815), 200 years ago, who was already
concerned about conservation, and using this to document changes since in
the Amazon, all in reflection over its future. With particular reference
to biodiversity and the human responsibility to conserve it. Parallel text
in Portuguese and English. Nicely illustrated.
--Lester R. Brown et al., STATE OF THE WORLD 1994. A Worldwatch Institute
Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society. New York: W. W. Norton,
1994. 288 pages. $ 11.95. The annual guide in the latest edition, with annual
editions regularly used in over 1,000 colleges and universities.
--Lester R. Brown et al., VITAL SIGNS, 1993: THE TRENDS THAT ARE SHAPING
OUR FUTURE. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993. 144 pages. $ 10.95. Facts and
figures on major environmental and other trends that affect public health
and welfare.
--Delores LaChapelle, DEEP POWDER--40 YEARS OF ECSTATIC SKIING, AVALANCHES,
AND EARTH WISDOM. Durango, CO: Kivaki Press, 1993. $ 6.95. Deep ecology
mixed with deep powder skiing. When skiing, nature is in control, guiding
the visitor along the most thrilling courses. Our sense of self, an individual,
separate from all others and the earth, prevents us from experiencing and
enjoying our senses of the moment. Freedom is finding one's place in nature.
LaChapelle is the other of several previous books, including EARTH WISDOM.
Dave Foreman's BOOKS OF THE BIG OUTSIDE catalog lists over 400 books and
other media. Ned Ludd Books, P. O. Box 85190, Tucson, AZ 85754-5190.
Issues
Indoor Wilderness? The latest in the wild indoors is Quebec's Biodìme
de MontrÇal, with 9,000 living creatures in 216 different species,
a nouveaux zoo, part aquarium, part garden, four vest- pocket ecosystems:
tropical rainforest, deciduous-coniferous forest, marine St. Lawrence waterway,
and arctic-anarctic coastline. In its opening year the biodome has been
flooded by 1.5 million visitors. The ecosystems are computer managed, and
intended to give one the experience of the natural world, especially to
give one a sense of straddling the globe as one passes through the four
"ecotransits." Story in OUTSIDE, October 1993.
Bears, Skiing, and Takings in Vermont. The largest ski operator in Vermont,
Killington, has sued the state, charging that it effectively confiscated
part of the company's land holdings when it designated 1,600 acres as critical
bear habit. The company has also sued the town of Mendon, Vt, whose zoning
law bans commercial development at altitudes above 2,500 feet. The acres
in question are important for the beech trees producing mast and also as
wetlands. State officials reply that the company knew the bear habitat was
an issue when it acquired the land in 1982, and that the state's basic law
regulating commercial developments, Act 250, was already then in place.
They also say that the company has not exhausted its options, which include
building condominiums on some parts of the holdings. Courts have regularly
held that a landowner is not entitled to the most profitable use of property,
but ought not to be denied all economic uses of it. Story in CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
MONITOR, September 27, 1993. Takings bills have been defeated in 29 states,
but are increasingly appearing as riders to other bills in federal legislation.
Natural disasters. Acts of God or Acts of man? LIFE'S September 1993 cover
story is "The Year of Killer Weather: Why Has Nature Gone Mad?"
In a year of floods in America, earthquakes in India, droughts in Africa,
ISEE members might want to recall a too little-noticed book now almost a
decade old: Anders Wijkman and Lloyd Timberlake, NATURAL DISASTERS: ACTS
OF GOD OR ACTS OF MAN? Philadelphia, PA and Santa Cruz, CA: New Society
Publishers. An Earthscan Book, 1984, 1988. 144 pages. $ 9.95. New Society
Publishers, P. O. Box 582, Santa Cruz, CA 95601. Also: 4527 Springfield
Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19143. The general argument is that, although nature
is sometimes turbulent and recalcitrant, these events reach disastrous proportions
largely because of social forces that introduce crowding, stress natural
systems, tempt and force persons into unwise developments on floodplains
and in exposed locations, deprive them of flexibility, and leave millions
vulnerable to events that, foreseen and better prepared for, seldom need
to become natural disasters of such proportions at all. Reduced rain may
trigger a drought, and stressed soils are soon eroded when the rains come,
but the real cause of the disaster is human pressure on the land. "The
common view of `natural disasters' is due for a radical change. Though triggered
by natural events such as floods and earthquakes, disasters are increasingly
man-made" (p. 6) Disaster relief often only compounds the problem by
propping up ecologically unsound situations, band-aids that fail to address
the real causes. Required reading for anyone who complains of killer weather,
natural disasters, and nature gone mad. Nor is the U.S. immune. The three
most damaging climatic disasters in U.S. history happened in the last 12
months: Hurricane Andrew, the March 12 blizzard, and the Midwest floods,
the U.S. not particularly well prepared for any of them. The Mississippi
River crosses dozens of political boundaries; there is a loose patchwork
of federal agencies, but no federal agency has jurisdiction over the whole
watershed, and there is no way to take an ecosystem or drainage basin approach
to its management. Wijkman is Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross
and Timberlake is editorial director of Earthscan and a former science editor
at Reuters News Service. The book results from a study by the Swedish International
Development Authority.
Colorado has new wilderness, 612,000 acres of it, in nine new wilderness
areas and nine expanded areas, signed into law by President Clinton on August
13 on the airport tarmac in Denver. The Colorado Wilderness Act of 1993,
Public Law 103-77, was ten years before Congress, most contested over the
water rights issue, and twenty years in the making. There is compromise
language over water rights, that side-steps the issue. In previous years,
the House had passed a bill that included a federal reserved water right
and a Senate-passed bill that explicitly denied such rights. The bill states
that no one "shall assert" such rights and instead creates special
language that protects wilderness water by means other than such water rights.
The flagship of the bill is the 226,000 Sangre de Cristo Wilderness that
incorporates 80 miles of one of Colorado's most distinctive mountain ranges.
Considerable lower elevation old-growth forests are protected, but downstream
wilderness, with upstream water rights, is still an issue.
The U. S. Clean Water Act must be reauthorized this year.
National Institute for the Environment (HR 2918) establishes a National
Institute for the Environment. The bill has been introduced by Congressman
George Brown (D-California), the chair of the Committee on Science, Space
and Technology, and Jim Saxton (R-New Jersey), ranking republication on
the Environment and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Merchant Marine
and Fisheries Committee, with 38 other sponsors.
The Department of the Environment Act (HR 109) elevates the Environmental
Protection Agency to cabinet status. Environmentalists debate whether this
is desirable for more effective protection and conservation, or only gives
more power and resources to environmental bureaucrats.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is an extremely vital,
as well as ethically and philosophically revealing, trade pact, and environmental
ethicists and those in international development will want to follow it
with considerable care. NAFTA claims some impressive backers (all living
former presidents, all living Nobel Prize-winning economists, but also has
many doubters, dividing environmentalists as well as those interested in
international justice. For example: "Resistance to NAFTA Is on the
Rise," CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, July 2, 1993.
Environmental sentences upset some lawyers. People convicted of environmental
crimes are not just going to jail; some are also doing their time at their
local Sierra Clubs. Judges have sentenced defendants to support environmental
advocacy groups. In Ohio, five businessmen have been ordered to become members
of the Sierra Club. In Maryland, two hunters were sentenced to make $ 50
contributions to the National Wildlife Foundation. Some argue that this
abuses judicial power and infringes defendant's constitutional rights, since
it requires them to support groups whose views they do not share. Others
are it educates them about the other side. Community service has become
a widespread alternative to jail sentencing, creative sentencing that saves
jail space and uses defendants time productively in remedying social problems.
Story in WALL STREET JOURNAL, September 7, 1993.
Where have all the fireflies gone? Lightning bugs are on the wane, both
in the U.S. and Japan, for unknown reasons. Still, a St. Louis chemical
company pays a penny a bug and collects millions a year, selling the luminescent
material to scientists who use it in research, though the luminescent substance
can now be produced synthetically. Some are rare species. Fireflies are
one of the "bugs" people most want to have around. Story in WALL
STREET JOURNAL, September 2, 1993.
Many issues of interest in environmental ethics are omitted here, due to
lack of space.
Recent and Upcoming Events
--October 1-3. Eighth Annual International Compassionate Living Festival
(continuing earlier "Triangle Animal Awareness" Festivals), in
Raleigh, NC. Contact: Culture and Animals Foundation, 3509 Eden Croft Dr.,
Raleigh, NC 27612. Phone 919/782-3739.
--October 5-6. Nobel Conference XXVIX, "Nature Out of Balance: The
New Ecology," Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN. See details
earlier.
--October 25-30. World Health Organization, Commission of European Communities
and UNEP, "Environment and Public Health in Modern Society," Antwerp,
Belgium. Various global and European presentations on the environmental
causes of morbidity, from respiratory distress related to air quality to
breast cancer related to pesticides.
--October 27-30. Conference on Ancient Philosophy, Medieval Philosophy,
Islamic Philosophy, and Africana, Binghamton, NY. With a session on the
Ancient Roots of Ecology. Paper by Laura Westra on Aristotle and ecology,
others by Darryl Tress and Anthony Preus.
--November 4-6. "Biological and Cultural Diversity Challenges in Environmental
Ethics," the Morris Colloquium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Speakers:
Satish Kumar (Schumacher College), Lauri Whitt (Michigan Technological University),
Andrew Brennan (University of Western Australia), Holmes Rolston, III (Colorado
State University), Robert Elliot (University of New England, Australia),
Christine Cuomo (University of Cincinnati), David Stannard (University of
Hawaii), Alastair Gunn (University of Waikato, New Zealand), David Crocker
(Colorado State University), Adrienne Anderson (Denver, Colorado). Contact:
Dale Jamieson, Department of Philosophy, Campus Box 232, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309-0232. Phone 303/492-6132.
--November 5-7, Regional Development in the 21st Century: Think Globally,
Act Locally," Naha, Okinawa. Sponsored by the East-West Center, Honolulu,
at the University of Hawaii. Contact EWCA Alumni Office, 1777 East-West
Road, Honolulu, HI 96948.
--November 11-13. National Watchable Wildlife Conference, Corpus Christi,
TX, at Bayfront Plaza Convention Center. Contact: 400 Mann, Suite 909, Corpus
Christi, TX 78401. With many sponsors.
--November 10-13. The Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas,
Baltimore, MD, sponsored by the State of Maryland, and others including
the EPA, NOAA, the National Academy of Sciences, as well as international
groups. One associated group is the University of Maryland, through the
Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy; Mark Sagoff is a principal organizer.
Such coastal seas include the Chesapeake Bay, the Inland Seto Sea of Japan,
the Mediterranean, the Baltic, the Red Sea, the North Sea, and the Caribbean.
There are organized panels of experts on several themes: I. Governance and
Policy. II. Coastal Science and Policy. III. Stakeholders, Citizens, and
Private Interests. IV. Philosophy and Policy. Sections on Sovereignty and
International Regimes; International Issues, Interest Groups, and Policy
Making; Place, Locality and Community; Ethics of Integrity and the Ecosystem
Approach; Scientific Communities and their Contributions to Policy; Is Ecology
a Basis for Action?; Feasibility of Ecosystem Restoration; How to Define
Management Goals; Political Action and Governance; How Can Environmental
Education Make a Difference; Ecological Economics and Management Decisions;
Challenges to Science: Scale, Size, and Complexity; North American Great
Lakes; Moving toward National Ecological Protection in the USA. There will
also be a special session on "Ecosystem Integrity and Public Policy,
with Tim Allen, Don DeAngelis, James Kay, Robert Ulanowicz, Henry Regier,
and Mark Sagoff, organized by Laura Westra. Contact EMECS Secretariat, Coastal
and Environmental Policy Program, The University of Maryland, Box 775, Cambridge,
MD 21613. Phone 410/974-5047.
--November 11-13. The North American Interdisciplinary Wilderness Conference,
Ogden, Utah. Papers and proposals are invited by August 16, and a book is
planned; a book has resulted from previous conferences. For arts and humanities
papers, contact L. M. Vause, Department of English, Weber State University.
For conference information, Continuing Education, Weber State University,
Ogden, UT 84408-4007.
--November 11-13. "God, the Environment, and the Good Life," conference
at University of New Hampshire, Durham. Speakers include: Thomas Berry,
Timothy C. Weiskel (Harvard Divinity School), Rick TwoBears (Abnaki, Ontario),
Dennis Meadows (University of North New Hampshire, Rabbi Everett Gendler,
Jay McDaniels (Hendrix College), and others. Contact: Kellogg Program Office,
University of New Hampshire, 11 Brookway, Durham, NH 03824-3509. Phone:
603/862-1900. Fax: 603/862-0245.
--November 13-14. The Second Opening of the West. Ideas of Nature in Arizona,
at Prescott, Arizona. Sponsored by the Arizona Humanities Council and the
National Endowment for the Humanities. Speakers include J. Baird Callicott,
Susan Flader, Dan Flores, Eugene Hargrove, Helen Ingram, Eric Katz, Gary
Paul Nabhan, Roderick Nash, Holmes Rolston, and Donald Worster. Registration
$ 40.00 Contact: Arizona Humanities Council, 1242 North Central Ave., Phoenix,
AZ 85004. Phone 602/257-0335.
--November 19-21, "Environmental Ethics and Nature Interpretation"
at Oak Openings Lodge, Oak Openings Preserve Metropark, Toledo/Northwest
Ohio. A National Workshop cosponsored by Metroparks of the Toledo Area and
Bowling Green State University. Leaders include: Eugene Hargrove, Max Oelschlaeger,
Donald Scherer, and local naturalists; field trips included to black oak
savanna and wet sand prairie, globally rare natural communities. $ 120 with
housing and meals, or $ 95 registration only. Financial aid available, also
credit from BGSU. Contact: Joyce Kepke, Continuing Education, International
and Summer Programs, 40 College Park, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, OH 43403. Phone 419/372-8181. Fax 419/372-8667.
--November 18-21. Consultation on Ethical Relations with Other Creatures.
Heifer Project Conference Center, Arkansas. Participants include: Richard
Cartwright Austin (environmental theologian, Presbyterian Church); J. Baird
Callicott (University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point), Calvin DeWitt (Au Sable
Institute), Susan Flader (University of Missouri), Michael Fox (Humane Society),
Wes Jackson (Land Institute, Salina, Kansas), Andrew Linzey (Mansfield College,
Oxford), Jay McDaniel (Hendrix College, Arkansas), Bernard Rollin (Colorado
State University), Marti Kheel (Berkeley, Ca), and others. Contact: Richard
Cartwright Austin, Chestnut Ridge Farm, Route 1, Box 318, Dunganon, VA 24245.
Phone 703/467-2437.
1994
--January 13-14, 1994. Conference on Ethical Dimensions in U.N. Agenda 21,
at United Nations, New York. Details earlier.
--January 20-22, 1994. Conference on Agricultural Ethics, "Decision
Making and Agriculture: The Role of Ethics." Nova Scotia Agricultural
College, Truro, Nova Scotia. Speakers include Paul Thompson, Frederick Buttel,
Bernard Rollin, Charles Blatz, and others. Contact Mora Campbell, Nova Scotia
Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia. Phone 902/893-6644.
--February 17, 1994. "The Future of the Earth: The Very Idea of Sustainability,"
Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA. The Greater Philadelphia Philosophy
Consortium Conference. Contact: Jacques Catudal, Philosophy, Drexel University.
Phone 215/895-2441. Fax: 215/895-1414. Also contact: Maree Regan, Board
of Governors, GPPC. Phone: 215/647-4545.
--March 20-24, 1994. International Conference on the Role of Non- Governmental
Organizations in Protecting the Environment. Sponsored by the Society for
the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), to be held in Elat, Israel. Delegates
are expected from Arab nations. This marks the 40th anniversary of the Society.
Andrew Brennan (Philosophy, University of Western Australia) and Holmes
Rolston (Philosophy, Colorado State University) are among the speakers.
Contact: Dr. Avner de-Shalit, Department of Politics, The Hebrew University,
Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905 Israel. Phone: (02) 882111. Fax: (02) 322545.
--March 23-27, 1994. European Conference on Science and Theology: The Concept
of Nature in Science and Theology. Freising and Munich, Germany. Contact:
K. H. Reich, PÑdagogischhes Institut, Rte des Fougäres, CH-1700
Fribourg, Switzerland. Phone 37-219- 638. Fax: 37-219-650.
--March 31-April 2, 1994, Pacific Division, American Philosophical Association,
in Los Angeles, with ISEE session. Details earlier.
--April 7-10, 1994. "Rebuilding Security: The Bomb, the Debt, and the
Rainforest," the Peace Studies 6th Annual Meeting, at the University
of San Francisco, CA. Papers and abstracts invited, by January 1, 1994.
Contact: Professor Joseph Faney, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471.
Selected papers will be published in the PEACE REVIEW.
--April 21-24, 1994. Society for Human Ecology, Seventh Conference, Michigan
State University, East Lansing. There is a call for papers. Contact: Robert
J. Griffore, Dept. of Family and Child Ecology, 107 Human Ecology Bldg.,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1030.
Phone: 571/336-3818. Fax 336-3845.
--May 4-7, 1994. Central Division, American Philosophical Association, Hyatt
Regency Crown Center, Kansas City, MO, with ISEE session. Details earlier.
--June 7-10, 1994. Fifth International Symposium on Society and Resource
Management, at Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Call for papers
extends through November 1993. Contact Michael J. Manfredo, Department of
Recreation Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
303/491-6591.
--June 12-15, 1994. Global Strategies for Environmental Issues. National
Association of Environmental Professionals, 19th annual conference. New
Orleans, LA. Call for papers and posters, including a main track on "International
Ethics Concerning Environmental Issues." Contact: National Association
for Environmental Professionals, 5165 MacArthur Blvd., N. W., Washington,
DC 20016-3315.
--June 15-18, 1994. The Fourth International Conference on Ethics in the
Public Service, Stockholm. See earlier.
--June 19-22, 1994. lst International Symposium on Ecosystem Health and
Medicine: New Goals for Environmental Management." Organized by the
International Society of Ecosystem Health and Medicine and the University
of Guelph. Proposals due (300 words or less), to Remo Petrongolo, Office
of Continuing Education, 159 Johnston Hall, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. Phone 519/824-4120, ext. 3064.
--August 14-21, 1994. Turtle Island Bioregional Gathering VI, Camp Piomingo,
Otter Creek Park, Lousville, Kentucky (by the Ohio River). Contact Shepard
and Tracy Hendrickson, 341 N. Hamilton, Indianapolis, IN 46201. Phone 317/636-3977.
--August 21-26, 1994. Sixth International Congress of Ecology (INTECOL VI),
Manchester, England. There is a symposium on Ethics and Ecology. Anticipated
speakers include Andrew Brennan (Western Australia), Robin Grove-White (University
of Lancaster), Calvin DeWitt (Au Sable Institute), Darrell Posey (Oxford),
Phil Gates (Durham) and Susan Bratton (University of North Texas). Papers
and posters are invited. Contact: Rev. Nigel S. Cooper, The Rectory, 40
Church Road, Rivenhall, Witham, Essex CM8 3PQ, U.K.
--September 9-14, 1994. International Conference on Population and Development
(ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt. Contact ICPD Secretariat, c/o UNFPA. 220 E. 42nd
St., New York, NY. Phone 212/297-5222. Fax 212/297-4915. A Preparatory Committee
met May 10-21 in New York, and another Prepcom is in April 1994. One thing
persons might want to do now is to write their legislators urging strong
support for this conference.
--September 30-October 2, 1994. Hegel Society of America, at the Catholic
University of America, Washington, on the theme: "Hegel and the Philosophy
of Nature." Papers due: January 31, 1994. Contact: Stephen G. Houlgate,
Philosophy, DePaul University, 2323 N. Seminary Avenue, Chicago, IL 60614.
1995
August 1-5, 1995. XIII International Congress of Aesthetics, Lahti, Finland.
Theme: Aesthetics in Practice: Connections between Academic Research in
Aesthetics and Everyday Life, especially Concerning the Environment."
Papers on the aesthetics of nature are especially welcomed. Contact: Sonja
Servomaa, University of Helsinki, Lahti Research and Training Centre, Kirkkokatu
16, 15140 Lahti, Finland. Phone 358-18-892 11. Fax: 358-18-892 219.
